Pharmacokinetics 1

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

What the body does to the drug

Question 2

pharmacology

Answer 2

origin, nature, chemistry, effects and uses of drug

Question 3

toxicology

Answer 3

study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical or biological agents

Question 4

pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

what the drug does to the body

Question 5

What are the 5 stages of pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

Liberarion 
Absorption 
Distribution 
Metabolism 
Excretion 

LAD ME

Question 6

possible routes of administration

Answer 6

Oral 
Sub-lingual 
Transdermal 
Intramuscular 
intravenous

Question 7

what is bioavailability

Answer 7

the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation
IV = gives 100% as its direct into the systemic circulation

Question 8

what are the four ways that small molecules cross the cell membranes

Answer 8

1. diffuse directly through the lipid = lipid solubility highly important
2. diffuse through aqueous pores = diffusion of gases
3. transmembrane carrier protein = solute carriers
4. pinocytosis = macromolecules not drugs

Question 9

queous, polar media

Answer 9

Blood plasma, cytosol and interstitial fluid

Question 10

non-polar

Answer 10

interior of the lipid bilayer and fat

Question 11

weak to strong acid drugs

Answer 11

paracetamol
phenytoin 
warfarin 
aspirin 
penicillins

Question 12

weak to strong base drugs

Answer 12

diazepam 
codeine 
noradrenaline 
atropine 
amphetamine

Question 13

pH around the body

Answer 13

Gastric acid (pH 1.0–3.0) 
Large intestine (pH 8.0) 
Small intestine (pH 5.0–6.0)
 Plasma (pH 7.4)

Question 14

factors that effect drug absorption

Answer 14

lipophilicity and ionisation

Question 15

what factors effect distribution

Answer 15

degree of drug ionisation 
lipid solubility 
pH of compartments 
cardiac output and blood flow 
capillary permeability 
plasma protein binding

Question 16

biphosphonates and bone

Answer 16

these have a high affinity for calicum and quickly distribute around the skeleton
these are taken orally as alendronate
and through IV yearly as zoledronate

Question 17

what kinds of plasma proteins to drugs bind to

Answer 17

• albumin
• alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
• lipoproteins
• globulins

Question 18

% of body mass compartments

Answer 18

trans-cellular water = 2%
plasma water = 5%
interstitial water = 16%
fat = 20%
intercellular water = 35%

Question 19

what effects distribution between body fluid compartments

Answer 19

• permeability across tissue barriers
• binding within compartments
• pH partition
• fat:water partition

Question 20

pilocarpine

Answer 20

non-selective muscarinic agonist
USES:
- contraction of pupils 
- glaucoma
- xerostomia

Question 21

bethanechol

Answer 21

non-selective muscarininc agonist
USES:
- bladder and GI hypotonia