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Materials of Decoration > Textile > Flashcards

Textile Flashcards

Textile, fabric, fibers, types,

1
Q

Any material made of interlacing fibers

A

Textile

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2
Q

Any material made through the processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting, or bonding

A

Fabric

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3
Q

Finished piece of fabric that can be used for varying purposes such as bedcover, etc.

A

Cloth

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4
Q

Related to flexibility. How well the fabric withstand wear, pressure, and damage due
to friction

A

Durability

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5
Q

Tensile strength. How well the fabric can carry its own weight without breaking

A

Tenacity

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6
Q

Stretching ability. What degree it can stretch without breaking

A

Elongation

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7
Q

How well will the fabric absorb or retain moisture, moisture absorption helps
avoid static build up

A

Absorbency

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8
Q

Water fearing; fabric repels waters; does not absorb moisture, creating
bubbles on the surface

A

Hydrophobic

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9
Q

Fabric absorbs moisture without feeling wet.

A

Hygroscopic

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10
Q

Fabric’s elasticity; ability to return to its original shape after wear and tear

A

Resiliency

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11
Q

Basic element of the textile; fine, hairlike strand that forms the basis of a yarn;
categorized by their length

A

Fiber

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12
Q
  • Short fibers, somewhat randomly arranged and loosely twisted resulting to softer yarn
  • Measured in centimeters or inches
  • All natural fibers except silk are staple fibers
A

Staple fibers

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13
Q
  • Long and continuous fibers, usually measured in meters or yards
  • Laid parallel to one another and tightly twisted to produce smooth, strong yarns.
A

Filament fibers

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14
Q

Formed by twisting fibers together to create a continuous strand

A

Yarn

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15
Q

Composed of staple fibers twisted together

A

Spun yarns

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16
Q

Composed of continuous strands made either a spinneret generated
synthetic fiber or from silk

A

Filament yarns

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17
Q

-Fibers are from animal, plant, or mineral sources;

-Plant and animal fibers are
produced seasonally, and affected by the forces of nature and other environmental factors

A

Natural

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18
Q

Man made and thoroughly modern

A

Synthetic

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19
Q

-Most widely used plant fiber; is a vegetable or cellulosic fiber which comes from the balls of the cotton plant;

-has low elasticity and resiliency; known for comfort; flammable and
easily wrinkled; used more in the apparel industry than commercial interiors

A

Cotton

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20
Q
  • End type of cotton;
    processed version of the fiber made into cloth that resembles satin; has
    a hydrophobic nature
A

Shiny cotton

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21
Q
  • End type of cotton;
  • term is applied on how the plant is grown and cultivated;
  • must meet certain standards;
  • grown with no presence of synthetic or chemical pesticides and fertilizers
A

Organic cotton

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22
Q
  • End type of cotton;
    term is applied how the fibers are processed, washed only with mild
    soap and must not be bleached but can be dyed
A

Green cotton

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23
Q
  • Process of cotton;
    ‘carding’ ; a step in refinement process of the fiber, mechanical that
    disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibers to produce a continuous silver for
    processing; breaks up locks and unorganized clumps then aligns the individual fibers to
    be parallel with each other
A

Carded cotton

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24
Q
  • Process of cotton for further refinement of the fibers, done after the carding
    process; higher form of carded cotton; separates long fibers from shorter ones; results
    to a stronger and smooth product
A

Combed cotton

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25
Q
  • Kind of cotton;
  • ‘Mexican cotton’ ;

-Most widely planted species of cotton in the world;
3rd best quality cotton in the market

A

Upland cotton

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26
Q
  • Kind of cotton product; has fine long fibers that are spun to create softer, silkier, and more durable cotton;
  • less prone to linting and shedding
A

Long staple cotton

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27
Q
  • Originated in Peru; 2nd best quality cotton in the world; ‘Supima’ is a
    trademarked brand;
  • type of long staple cotton
A

Pima cotton

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28
Q
  • has the most upper thread count, 1000 threads per square inch;
    has a reputation of being the best cotton in the world; softer, finer, and lasts longer
  • type of long staple cotton
A

Egyptian cotton

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29
Q

-Came from the seed pod of the Java kapok tree;

-Too brittle to be spun into fiber but soft enough for cushioning and stuffing pillows; lightweight and nonabsorbent; personal
flotation, can support 30 times its weight in water

A

Kapok

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30
Q
  • Oldest fiber ever woven; yarn is grayish with silky luster;
  • Can be bleached without without fear of damage; used for linens, draperies, slipcovers, etc.
A

Flax

31
Q
  • Fabric made from flax;
  • less soft and absorbent than cotton; strong, virtually nonelastic, tends to be brittle; disadvantages is that it wrinkles easily and creases readily
A

Linen

32
Q
  • Resembles flax made from the stem and stalk of the Jute plant;
  • harsh, brittle, lints, badly and wrinkles easily limiting its use to carpet and linoleum backing;
  • Low thermal conduction and anti static properties
A

Jute

33
Q
  • Fabric made from jute;

- has excellent resistance to microorganisms and insects

A

Burlap

34
Q
  • Taken from the stems of the Cannabis Sativa plant;
  • gum or pectin is dissolved to
    separate fibers
A

Hemp

35
Q
  • Mainly grown in the Philippines;
  • fiber is obtained from the outer layer
    of the leaf;

-varying from 1-3 meters; finest rope material; strong, great luster and very resistant
to damage from salt water

A

Manila Hemp - ‘Abaca’

36
Q
  • ‘China Grass or Grass linen’ ;

- an inexpensive fiber from an East Asian plant produced from a perennial shrub

A

Ramie

37
Q
  • Rubber in natural form;
  • Discovered 1920s when latex (liquid rubber) could be
    extruded into fiber;
  • highly elastic, flexible, and impearmable to water and air; - loses its strength
    through age and deterioriates in sunlight
A

Natural Rubber

38
Q
  • Originally made from abaca and even banana fibers;
  • mechanically woven but
    embellishment may be handwoven; as a fabric stronger than pina; generally used for formal settings or occasions
A

Jusi

39
Q
  • is sheared from domesticated animals, primarily sheep;
  • color varies from pale neutral to dark brown;
  • known for its resiliency and elasticity; burns slowly and is self extinguishing;

-It stops burning when the flame source is removed; wool carpet is often
preferred in public areas of luxurious facilities such as hotel and casino lobbies

A

Wool (Sheep)

40
Q
  • From merino sheep, found in Australia and New Zealand;
  • softer, less itchy, more flexible, cool, breathable, moisture-wicking, comfortable to wear in hot or cold conditions;
  • pure white in color, accepts dyes very well
A

Merino wool

41
Q
  • Shetland sheep found in scotland;
  • thicker than merino; gloss and softness of silk, strength of cotton, whiteness of linen, and warmth of wool;
  • warmer but lightweight
A

Shetland wool

42
Q
  • Lamb’s first shearing;

- excellent for blankets and beddings; breathable

A

Lambswool

43
Q
  • Grade of wool

- not yet been previously processed

A

Virgin wool

44
Q
  • Grade of wool
  • regular type of wool; may include reclaimed scraps from knits, broken
    threads, and other sources
A

Ordinary wool

45
Q
  • Grade of wool

- felted scraps shredded and then reused

A

Recycled wool

46
Q
  • Grade of wool
  • high quality type of wool yarn named after the small english village of Worstead;
  • very resilient and easily returns to its original shape and not prone to wrinkle
A

Worsted wool

47
Q

From camel, goat, mohair, alpaca, llama, the vicuna(rarest) and horsehair

A

Hair

48
Q
  • fiber obtained from the soft undercoats of the lowly Kashmiri goat
  • initially defined as wool but is finer, stronger, lighter, softer and approximately 3 times more insulating than sheep’s wool
A

Cashmere

49
Q
  • fine type of Cashmere,
  • shorn from the undercoat of Himalayan Mountain Goats
  • finer, thinner, therefore ideal for making lightweight apparel
A

Pashmina

50
Q
  • persian word for “king of woods”
  • woven using the hair of a Tibetian Antelope known as Chiru
  • finer than human hair
  • very, very warm
  • weighing almost nothing and as warm as a down comforter
A

Shahtoosh

51
Q
  • silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of Angora goat
  • durable, resilient and notable for its high luster and sheen
  • nicknamed the ‘diamond fiber’
  • used in fiber blends to add these qualities to a textile
  • warm in winter, has excellent insulating properties
  • durable, naturally elastic, flame resistant and crease resistant
  • more expensive than wool
A

Mohair

52
Q
  • Considered the most beautiful of all fibers due to its marvelous and natural luster
  • Average length of filament is about 600 yards
  • More wrinkle resistant than the natural cellulosic fibers
  • Fragile and disintegrates or discolors in strong light
  • Natural affinity to dyes but deteriorates from bleaches and cleaning acids
  • Swells when damp
  • Shrinks when dry
A

Silk

53
Q
  • Grade of silk

- finest cultured silk yarn and is made from the longest filaments

A

“Organzine” or Thrown silk

54
Q
  • Grade of silk

- Uses shorter strands (or broken strands) and have less luster and sheen

A

Tram, Spunsilk or Bourette

55
Q
  • Grade of silk
  • silk fabric woven from silk made byb wild, uncultivated silkworms
  • naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached
  • rougher texture than cultivated silk
  • used for weavubg rougher textiles such as pongee, shikj and shantung
A

Tussah

56
Q
  • Grade of silk
  • silk comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms
  • yarn is uneven like linen, irregular and larger than regular filaments
A

Duppion/ Dupioni

57
Q
  • Grade of silk
  • one of the finest fabrics in the world
  • unique manufacturing process with the end product coming out with unique patterns and colors
A

Thai Silk

58
Q
  • Mineral fiber
  • Fluffy strands which are combined with cotton to produce a textile.
  • Only natural material found in fiber form
  • Fireproof – firefighter’s apparel
  • When inhaled, they become lodged in the lungs and cannot be axpelled by coughing causes lung cancer
A

Asbestos

59
Q
  • Threads of gold, silver or copper
  • These fibers do not tarnished
  • Not affected by saltwateror humidity
  • Used for sparkle, lending glitter to textiles
A

Metal Fibers

60
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (Cellulosic)
  • First synthetic fiber
  • ‘Poor man’s silk’ or ‘artificialsilk’
  • Frequently blended with cotton or wool
  • Can be found as the woven backing of velvet which bears nylon
  • Blends well w other fibers, absorbent –
  • Reasonable light and abrasion resistance
  • Loses strength when wet
  • Will rot under prolonged exposure to sunlight
  • Low resiliency
A

Rayon

61
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (Cellulosic)
  • Developed by Celanese Corp.
  • Heat-treated against wrinkling; washable, fast drying
  • Fibers are flexible – fabric with excellent draping qualities
  • Needs special dyes
  • Luxurious hand, woven unto expensive textiles
  • thermoplastic fiber, easily damaged by heat and easily wrinkled
A

Acetate

62
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (Cellulosic)
  • Good resiliency as compared with acetate
  • Greater stability and abrasion resistance
  • Shrink resistant and maintains a crisp finish
  • Permanent pleats can be set in triacetate
  • Used for textured knits and tricots
A

Triacetate

63
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Requires elements of petroleum, natural gas(carbon), air and water
  • Produces long chainmolecules which are spun and stretched after coooling
  • Strongest of all fibers
  • Highly elastic
A

Nylon

64
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Developed by DuPoint Co. In 1950 under trade name ‘Orion’
  • Coal, air, water, petroleum and limestone
  • Staple fibers which are crimped before cutting
  • Resistant to sunlight, and oil-borne and air-borne dirt
  • Durable, abrasion resistant, mildew and moth proof
  • Exceptionally light, providing bulk without weight
A

Acrylic

65
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Developed by Union Carbide in 1949
  • Elements of natural gas, coal, air and salt and water
  • Fibers are easily dyed – washable and drip dry
  • Resistant to acids and alkalis
  • Flame resistant, used for draperies and casement cloths
A

Modacylic

66
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Developed by Hercules Inc in 1961
  • Relatively inexpensive and very popular for use as a carpet fiber
  • Outstanding resistance to stains and crushing and lack of static generation
  • Continues to increase in popularity as a carpet fiber
A

Olefins (Polypropylene and Polyethelene)

67
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Resistance to air-borne and oil-borne dirt, low moisture absorbency
  • Wrinkle resistant
  • High strength and resiliency
  • Very low abrasion resistance
  • Excellent crease resistance and easy to maintain
  • Usually made into voile-like casement fabrics
  • Knitted into upholstery-weight suede cloth
A

Polyester

68
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • First produced in fiber form – mid 1800s
  • Inherently resistant to flame
  • Strong and does not absorb moisture
  • Very low abrasion resistance
  • Ability to dye well
  • Best used as drapery or casement cloth to semi-opaque casement
A

Glass Fiber

69
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Chemical fiber with make-up similar to nylon
  • This fiber outperforms existing synthetics in washability, wrinklen resistance and ease of care
  • Does not shrink
  • Resembles silk in luster, weight, color, feel and drapability but can be ironed at high heat like cotton
A

Polynude Nylone

70
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening
  • Can be used in curtains, drapery fabrics and wall covering
  • Unaffected by sunlight, easy-to-care, wrinkle resistant and abrasion resistant
  • High crease retention and dyeability
  • Usually blended with rayon and modacrylic with Saran dominating
A

Saran

71
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Lycra
  • Manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be repeteadly stretched w/o breaking and recover to its original length
  • Adds stretch to fabrics without altering hand or appearance
  • Bounces back without sag, whether on warp, fill or bias direction
  • Can permanent pressed or soil resistant, washable and does not discolor
A

Spandex

72
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Have unique properties
  • Under trade names Nomex and Kevlar
  • Used as barrier fabric between the upholstery cushion and fabric in seating
  • Used in bullet resistant vests
  • Difficult to dye because they are not used for decorative purposes
A

Aramids

73
Q
  • Synthetic fiber (NON-Cellulosic)
  • Very fine, smaller than the diameter of a strand of silk which in itself is about is about 1/5 the diameter of a human hair
  • Most common types are made from polyesters and polyamides
  • Used to make mats, knits and weaves for apparel, upholster, cleaning products, etc.
  • Shape, size and combinations of synthetic fibers are chosen for specific characteristics including softness, toughness, absorption, water repellency, electrostatics and filtering capabilities
A

Microfibers

Materials of Decoration (10 decks)

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