Reformation

Question 1

The crime of paying for sacraments and holy offices

Answer 1

Simony

Question 2

The practice of religious officials holding more than one office

Answer 2

Pluralism

Question 3

Full or partial remission of temporal punishment for sins which have already been forgiven granted by the church

Answer 3

Indulgences

Question 4

Pope when the Reformation began who excommunicated Martin Luther

Answer 4

Pope Leo X

Question 5

Dominican preacher who was sent into Germany to sell indulgences to raise money to fund the building of St. Peter’s Basilica

Answer 5

Johann Tetzel

Question 6

Luther’s challenge to other scholars to debate the issue of indulgences that he posted on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg

Answer 6

The Ninety-five Theses

Question 7

Holy Roman Emperor who ordered Luther to appear at the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire and who declared Luther an outlaw

Answer 7

Charles V

Question 8

Ruler of Saxony who provided Luther with refuge at his Wartburg castle

Answer 8

Elector Frederick the Wise

Question 9

Meeting before which Luther was called to demand that he recant in 1521

Answer 9

Diet of Worms

Question 10

Only two sacraments which Luther recognized that had been established by Jesus Christ

Answer 10

Baptism and Holy Communion

Question 11

Revolt against the land owners in 1524-1525 which sought to abolish serfdom and the manorial system

Answer 11

Peasant revolts

Question 12

The three main tenets of Lutheranism

Answer 12

Sola scriptura, Sola fide, Sola gratia

Question 13

Statement of Luther’s faith that Luther presented before Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg

Answer 13

Confession of Augsburg

Question 14

Principle that the ruler’s religion would be the religion of the region; established by the Peace of Augsburg

Answer 14

cuius regio, eius religio

Question 15

After the war of the Schmalkaldic League, this compromise agreement established the principle by which Germany would be governed until the Peace of Westphalia; only recognized Roman Catholicism or Lutheranism

Answer 15

Peace of Augsburg

Question 16

Early leader of the Swiss Reformation in Zurich; in contrast to Luther, he believed that baptism and holy communion were ceremonies rather than true sacraments; killed by Catholic forces

Answer 16

Ulrich Zwingli

Question 17

Leader of the Reformation in Geneva who stressed doctrine of salvation by election; he practiced a strict theocracy with religious leaders dominating the city’s government

Answer 17

John Calvin

Question 18

The French Calvinists

Answer 18

Huguenots

Question 19

A disciple of Calvin who brought faith to Scotland

Answer 19

John Knox

Question 20

King who took England out of the Catholic church and founded the Anglican church

Answer 20

Henry VIII

Question 21

Followers of John Wycliffe

Answer 21

Lollards

Question 22

Wife whom Henry VIII sought to divorce

Answer 22

Catherine of Aragon

Question 23

Parliament approved these to define the doctrine of the English Church; reaffirmed Catholic teaching and rejected Protestant beliefs

Answer 23

The Six Articles

Question 24

New archbishop of Canterbury who granted Henry an annulment; wrote the Book of Common Prayer

Answer 24

Thomas Cranmer

Question 25

Law which declared the king, rather than the pope, to be the head of the English church

Answer 25

Act of Supremacy

Question 26

Former lord chancellor who refused to swear to support the Act of Supremacy

Answer 26

Thomas More

Question 27

Daughter of Henry VIII who attempted to restore Roman Catholicism in England; persecuted England’s protestants

Answer 27

Mary I, Mary Tudor

Question 28

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn who was the last Tudor to rule England; sought a religious settlement to satisfy the majority of her people

Answer 28

Elizabeth I

Question 29

Under Elizabeth, Parliament defined the teachings of Anglican Church; it was mostly Protestant but governed by bishops; emphasized both compromise and ambiguity in attempting to unite as many as possible; the church would be governed by bishops

Answer 29

Thirty-nine Articles

Question 30

Radical protestants who insisted that the only real Christians were those who had undergone a conversion experience and had then been baptized; most wanted the church to be entirely separate from the state

Answer 30

Anabaptists

Question 31

Term used to refer specifically to reform the Catholic Church

Answer 31

Catholic Reformation

Question 32

Term used to refer to efforts by the Catholic Church to counter the spread of Protestants

Answer 32

Counter-Reformation

Question 33

Established to discourage the dissemination of heretical views

Answer 33

Index of Prohibited Books

Question 34

Assembly of Catholic religious leaders to define Roman Catholic doctrine and eliminate abuses in the church

Answer 34

Council of Trent

Question 35

Congregation of the Holy Office that used torture, secret witnesses, and the admission of hearsay and rumor to convict suspected heretics

Answer 35

Roman Inquisition