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Human Geography > Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Agricultural Density

A

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land

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2
Q

Arithmetic density

A

The total number of people divided by the total land area

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3
Q

base line

A

An East-West line designated under the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States

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4
Q

Cartography

A

Science of making maps

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5
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of something over a given area

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6
Q

connections

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

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7
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

The rapid widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

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8
Q

Cultural ecology

A

Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships

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9
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group

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10
Q

Culture

A

The body of a customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition.

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11
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time

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13
Q

Distance decay

A

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

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14
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of something across the earths surface

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15
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A 19th and early 20th approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers can be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

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16
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process

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17
Q

Formal region

A

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics

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18
Q

functional region

A

An area organized around a node or focal point

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19
Q

GIS

A

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes and displays geographic data.

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20
Q

GPS

A

A system that determines the precise location of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers

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21
Q

Globalization

A

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope

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22
Q

Greenwich mean time

A

The time in that zone encompassing the prime meridian

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23
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate

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24
Q

Hierarchal diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

25
Q

international date line

A

An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. when you cross the International Date line east the clock moves back 24 hours or one entire day when you go west the calendar moves ahead one day

26
Q

Land ordinance of 1785

A

A law that divided much of the US into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers

27
Q

Latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator

28
Q

Location

A

the position of anything on the earths surface

29
Q

Longitude

A

the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance North and South of the equator.

30
Q

Map

A

A two-dimensional or flat representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it

31
Q

Mental map

A

A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual know about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located

32
Q

Meridian

A

An arc drawn on a map between north and south poles

33
Q

parallel

A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

34
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area

35
Q

Physiological density

A

The number of people per unit of arable land

36
Q

place

A

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character

37
Q

Polder

A

land created by the dutch by draining water from an area

38
Q

possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

39
Q

Prime meridian

A

The meridian designated as o degrees longitude

40
Q

principal meridian

A

A north-south line designated in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the united states

41
Q

Projections

A

The system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map

42
Q

Region

A

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features

43
Q

Regional studies

A

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

44
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another

45
Q

Remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods

46
Q

Resource

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use

47
Q

Scale

A

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface

48
Q

Section

A

A square normally 1 mile on a side. the land ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the US into 36 sections

49
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place

50
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to another place

51
Q

Space

A

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

52
Q

Space-time compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

53
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected

54
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface

55
Q

Township

A

A square normally 6 miles on a side. The land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the US into a series of townships

56
Q

Transnational corporation

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located

57
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

58
Q

Vernacular region

A

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

Human Geography (11 decks)

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