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A n' P > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Maintain normal blood components (pH), remove waste products in blood

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2
Q

The concave area of the kidney where blood vessels nerves and ureter enter or leave

A

Hilus

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3
Q

Tough fibrous outer covering of kidney

A

Capsule

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4
Q

Outer layer and inner layer (striated) of kidneys

A

Outer- Cortex

Inner- medulla

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5
Q

Funnel shaped thing where urine collects before entering ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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6
Q

The renal artery has a blood pressure that is ___% that of the aorta

A

70%

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7
Q

The afferent artiole brings blood __

The efferent brings it ____

A

In, out

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8
Q

Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder

A

Ureter

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9
Q

What is an ectopic ureter

A

Connect from kidney to urethra, rather than to the bladder

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10
Q

Where bladder lies

A

Cranial brim of pelvis, apex is cranial

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11
Q

The neck of the bladder is surrounded by the

A

Urethral sphincter

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12
Q

The area where the urethra enters the bladder

A

Trigone

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13
Q

Exercises that strengthen the pelvic muscles to help treat incontinence

A

Kegals

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14
Q

Basic functional unit of the kidney, tube used for collecting waste from blood and converting into urine

A

Nephron

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15
Q

Normally only ____ of the neprons are functioning at any one time

A

1/4

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16
Q

Tuft of capillaries located in cortex , where the afferent and efferent arterioles go to and from

A

Glomerulus

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17
Q

Substances that are leaked out of the glomerulus

Where do these end up ?

A

Fluid, electrolytes, antibiotics, poisons, urea, creatinine

End up in Bowman’s capsule

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18
Q

Longest section of the nephron, found in cortex

A

PCT, proximal convoluted tubule

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19
Q

What percent of what is conserved by the PCT

A

80%

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20
Q

The descending loop of Henle is ____
The ascending is ______
(Thin, thick)

A

Thin, thick

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21
Q

Most concentrated section of nephron

A

Lowest area of loop of henle

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22
Q

What gives the medula its striations

A

Collecting ducts

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23
Q

Area around tubules and blood vessels in the kidney

A

Interstitial space

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24
Q

Where blood is filtered

A

Glomerus

25
Q

Large molecules that are too big to be filtered into Bowman’s capsule

A

Blood cells, protein, fat, antibodies

26
Q

Amount of filtration depends on

A 
Blood flow to kidneys (dehydration decreases) 
Blood pressure (low in shock, anesthesia, surgery)
27
Q

___ % of blood going to kidney goes to the glomeruli

___% actually nourishes kidney tissue

A

90%

10%

28
Q

Total blood volume of animal if filtered every ___ minutes

A

5

29
Q

Substances filtered at glomerulus and enter Bowman’s capsule are called the

A

Filtrate

30
Q

For every 1 liter of urine formed, approx _____ liters of blood were filtered

A

180 L

31
Q

GFR

A

Glomerular filtration rate

32
Q

The ability of a substance to be removed from the blood by the kidney and excreted in the urine

A

Clearance

33
Q

Nephrologist

Urologist

A

Kidney doctor

Urinary tract doctor

34
Q

Active or passive?
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

A

Filtration-passive
Reabsorption- either
Secretion- active usually

35
Q

Renal threshold

A

Max amount of substance in the blood that is filtered that can be reabsorbed

36
Q

Renal threshold for glucose

A

200 mg/dL

37
Q

The counter current mechanism in the loop of henle is responsible for

A

Concentrating urine

38
Q

Where water is reabsorbed

A

DCT

39
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased urine production

40
Q

Diuretic

A

Drugs that cause diuresis (alcohol, Lasix)

41
Q

ADH

What is it, what gland excretes it

A

Anti-Diuretic hormone/ vasopressin

Pituitary gland

42
Q

Lack of ADH production (diabetes…)

A

Diabetes insipidus

43
Q

If bp is low or volume is too low receptors in afferent arteriole sense and release this

A

Rennin

44
Q

Rennin causes this to increase bp

A

Vasoconstriction of the artiole and increase bp to kidney

45
Q

Rennin activates angiotensin which causes the release of

A

Aldosterone from adrenal glands (encourages Na reabsorption and water conservation)

46
Q

If too acidic ____ H is secreted in the PCT or DCT or _____ HCO-3 is reabsorbed

A

More, more

47
Q

If too alkaline, _____ H is secreted in PCT or DCT or _____ HCO-3 is absorbed

A

Less, less

48
Q

Cats ferrets and dogs usually have (acidic or alkaline) urine

A

Acidic

49
Q

Urine in cows and horses is mostly (acidic or alkaline)

A

Alkaline

50
Q

Methionine or vitamin C lowers …

A

PH

51
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation or infection of bladder

52
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation or infection of kidney

53
Q

Urolithiasis

A

Urinary stones or calculi (or in kidney)

54
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation or infection of kidney and renal pelvis

55
Q

Azotemia

A

Increase in nitrogenous wastes in blood (BUN and creatinine), typically Bc 75% of nephrons are damaged

56
Q

Uremia

A

Azotemia w other physical signs like uremic breath, acidosis, oral ulceration

57
Q

Isothenuria

A

V dilute urine, typically 67% of nephrons are damaged

58
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone made in kidney, stimulates bone marrow to make more RBCs

A n' P (24 decks)

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