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basic 130 > week 11 infection > Flashcards

week 11 infection Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of limb swelling

A

cellulitis

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2
Q

cellulitis

A

bacteria enters the skin and releases toxins in subcutaneous tissue, causing infection

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3
Q

cellulitis s/s

A

swelling
localized redness
warmth
pain

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4
Q

cellulitis nursing management

A

oral/IV abx
elevate affected extremity
warm, moist packs to site every 2-4 hrs
educate about skin/foot care

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5
Q

appendix

A

attached to cecum below ileocecal valve
fills with byproducts of digestion that empty to cecum
prone to obstruction/infection

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6
Q

most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery

A

appendicitis

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7
Q

appendicitis risk factors

A

typically occurs between age 10-30
more common in males
hereditary

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8
Q

appendicitis patho

A

increased intraluminal pressure causes swelling and obstruction of appendix

tissue becomes ischemic
bacterial overgrowth occurs

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9
Q

appendicitis s/s

A

RLQ pain or periumbilical pain
nausea, anorexia
fever
rebound tenderness, tenderness at McBurney’s point

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10
Q

appendicitis diagnostics

A

CBC
CT
pregnancy test/transvaginal US
urinalysis

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11
Q

appendicitis complications

A

gangrene
perforation
peritonitis
abscess

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12
Q

appendicitis gerontologic considerations

A

uncommon in older adults
pain may be minimal/absent
bowel obstruction
fever and leukocytosis may not be present

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13
Q

appendicitis medical mgmt

A

surgery (lapro or gen anasthesia)
3-5 day IV abx
drains may be used

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14
Q

appendicitis nursing mgmt

A

manage pain and anxiety
prevent FVD, infection at site, atelecetasis
maintain skin integrity
provide appropriate nutrition

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15
Q

diverticulum

A

sac-like herniation of the lining of the bowel that extends through a defect in the muscle layer

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16
Q

diverticulosis

A

multiple diverticula without inflammation

17
Q

diverticulitis

A

infection and inflammation of diverticula

18
Q

diverticulosis s/s

A

constipation

19
Q

diverticulitis s/s

A

LLQ pain
n/v
fever, chills
tachycardia

20
Q

diverticulitis assessment

A 
colonoscopy
CBC
hemoglobin
UA
abd imaging (CT, XR)
21
Q

diverticulitis medical mgmt

A

rest
fluids
analgesics
abx

hospitalization if complicated

22
Q

diverticulitis surgical mgmt

A

one-stage resection: inflamed area is removed and a primary end-to-end anastomosis is completed

23
Q

diverticulitis nursing mgmt

A

encourage fluid intake (2L day)
soft foods, high fiber
exercise program
bulk laxatives (psyllium) and stool softeners

24
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

noncancerous enlargement of prostate

affects half of men over 40 y/o

25
Q

second most common cause of surgical intervention in men over 60

A

BPH

26
Q

BPH risk factors

A

smoking, alcohol use
obesity, sedentary lifestyle
HTN, heart disease
DM

27
Q

BPH s/s

A 
may have urinary sx
severity increases with age
urinary freq/urgency, nocturia
hesitancy to start urination, decreased and intermittent stream
sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
28
Q

BPH assessment

A 
voiding diary
UA
PSA level
imaging (urethrocystoscopy, US)
measurement of postvoid residual urine
cardiac status and respiratory function
29
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam
screen for prostate cancer
recommended annually for men >50 y/o
assess size, symmetry, shape, consistency

30
Q

IPSS

A

international prostate symptom score

0-7 mild
8-19 moderate
20-35 severe

31
Q

BPH medical mgmt

A

goals: improve QOL, relieve obstruction, prevent progression, minimize complications

catheterization if pt is unable to void
cystostomy: incision into bladder for urinary drainage

32
Q

alpha-adrenergic blockers (hytrin, cardura)

A

treat BPH
relax smooth muscle of bladder/prostate
improves urine flow and relieves sx

33
Q

side effects of alpha adrenergic blockers

A 
dizziness
headache
fatigue
orthostatic hypotension
rhinitis
sexual dysfunction
34
Q

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (Proscar, Avodart)

A

decrease size of prostate

side effects: decreased libido, ED, breast enlargement, flushing

35
Q

transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)

A

transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)

removal of inner portion of prostate thru an endoscope through urethra
outpt setting

36
Q

continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)

A

commonly used after TURP
flushes sterile water into bladder to remove and prevent blood clots
urine usually bloody at start, to pink, to clear
bags hang from IV pole

basic 130 (12 decks)

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