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Plants & People > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

1/3 North American drugs is directly or indirectly related to plants

A

False

1/4

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2
Q

T/F

No countries rely heavily on plants for medicine

A

False

up to 75% of medicines are plant-based

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3
Q

How many medicinal plants are used worldwide?

A

Approximately 60,000

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4
Q 
What "religion" did foraging societies belong to?
A) Christianity
B) Buddhism
C) Islam
D) Animism
A

D

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5
Q

T/F

Neanderthal peoples had a diet based on meat

A

False

Mostly plant-based including medicinal plants (chamomile and yarrow)

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6
Q

T/F

Chimpanzees have been observed eating Veronia amygdalia for medicinal purposes

A

True

It’s an anti-parasitic

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7
Q

What is the primary function of the shaman?

A

To act as an intermediate between the physical world and the spirit world

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8
Q 
Which of the following would not have caused disease as known by shamans?
A) dreaming
B) breach of taboo
C) germs
D) spirit/object intrusion
E) soul/spirit loss
F) Black magic
A

C

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9
Q

T/F

Shamans believed that disease has a physical cause

A

False

Spiritual cause

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10
Q

Which institution used medicinal plants first?
A) modern science
B) animistic societies

A

B

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11
Q

How did animists use medicinal plants to cure disease?

A

Rituals performed by the shaman inspired the spirit of the plant to help the ill person

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12
Q

How did animists learn so much about medicinal plants?

A

25000 years of trial & error passed down through oral tradition

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13
Q

T/F

Chinese traditional medicine focusses more on the body as a whole than individual organs

A

True

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14
Q

Chinese traditional medicine defines disease as:

A

An imbalance of yin & yang (2 complementary aspects of everything)

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15
Q

Where was Ayurvedic medicine originated?

A

India (Hinduism & Buddhism)

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16
Q 
Ayurvedic medicine is based on the balance of:
A) spirit
B) body
C) sex
D) mind
A

A, B, D

17
Q 
Why is Ayurvedic medicine controversial?
A) racism
B) unregulated manufacturing
C) toxicity of medications 
D) All of the above 
E) B&C
A

E

18
Q

Western medicine started with this philosopher:

A

Hippocrates

19
Q 
The cause of disease as per early western medicine was:
A) germs
B) spiritual imbalance
C) diet or environmental issues
D) evil possession
A

C

20
Q

What was Willow bark used for?

A

Anti-inflammatory

21
Q

What plant in early Western medicine was considered as ‘birth control’?

A

Giant fennel

22
Q 
How many medicinal plants has science discovered? 
A) 10
B) 100 
C) 1000
D) 10000
E) None of the above
A

E - actually 0

23
Q

T/F

All of our medicinal plant knowledge came from animistic sources

A

True

24
Q

Who was Paracelsus?

A

Physician, alchemist, surgeon, started the use of opium & mercury in medicine, the father of toxicology

25
Q

What does the doctrine of signatures say?

A

The outward qualities of things hints to their inward ability (if it looks like a dick it’ll help a dick) - a god or spirit made it this way to make it useable by man

26
Q

What function did the doctrine of signatures serve for medicinal knowledge?

A

A method of transferring knowledge from animistic beliefs to cause/effect uses

27
Q

T/F

It is believed in non-industrialized countries that pharmaceuticals are more effective than natural remedies

A

False

28
Q

The 4 rules of collecting medicinal plants are:

A
  1. Identify correctly
  2. Collect @ highest potency (flower/fruit)
  3. Don’t collect from contaminated areas
  4. Be environmentally friendly
29
Q 
Which plant organs can be collected?
A) folia (leaf)
B) cortex (bark)
C) herba (stems/leaves/flowers)
D) flos (flowers/inflorescences 
E) rhizoma 
F) fructus/samen (fruits/seeds)
A

All of the above

30
Q 
Where should you dry plants?
A) dark/dry area
B) flat surface
C) underwater
D) A&B 
E) All of the above
A

D

31
Q 
How long do dried plants last in storage?
A) Days 
B) Months 
C) Years
D) Millennia
A

C

32
Q

How to make an infusion?

A

Boil water, add plant, steep, strain

33
Q

How to make a syrup?

A

concentrated infusion with honey
OR
fresh plant material with honey

34
Q

T/F

Syrup is anti-microbial

A

True

microorganisms can’t grow with a sugar content above 65%

35
Q

How to make a tincture?

A

put plant in ethanol (or vodka), keep in dark place for 2 weeks, strain

36
Q

Routes of tincture administration:

A

Internal & external

37
Q

How to make an oil?

A

Plant & oil, macerate for a month in the dark, strain

38
Q

How to make an ointment?

A

Base (veg oil/paraffin/beeswax) & plant (either fragments or from an existing tincture or oil)

39
Q

Routes of ointment administration:

A

Skin & mucosa

Plants & People (18 decks)

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