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Spain > Andalucia > Flashcards

Andalucia Flashcards

1
Q

Name to DOs of Andalucia

A 
Condado de Huelva DO
Malaga DO
Sierras de Malaga DO
Montilla-Moriles DO
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO
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2
Q

When were the Moors in Andalucia?

A

711-1492

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3
Q

When did Jerez become a DO?

A

1933

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4
Q

What towns form the “Golden Triangle” of Jerez?

A

Jerez de la Fronterra
Sanlucar de Barremeda
El Puerto de Santa Maria

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5
Q

What is the importance of the Golden Triangle of Sherry?

A

Sherry must age in and ship from one of these three towns

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6
Q

What soil is best for Palomino?

A

Albariza

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7
Q

What soil of Jerez is best for Moscatel?

A

Arenas, found near the coast

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8
Q

What are the communes of Jerez?

A 
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Chipiona
Rota
Trebujena
Puerto Real
Chiclana de la Frontera
Lebrija
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9
Q

When was the apex of Sherry’s popularity in Britain?

A

1870s

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10
Q

What river runs to the northwest of Jerez?

A

the Guadalquivir River

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11
Q

What is the temperature difference between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera?

A

Jerez de la Fronterra may be up to 20º F warmer during the summer

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12
Q

What are the two winds of spain, and what does each do?

A

The Levante blwos from the east; hot and dry, cooks the grapes on the vine
The Poniente blows from the Atlantic; humid, promotes the growth of Flor

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13
Q

Where is Jerez Superior?

A

A sub-region between Sanlucar de Barrameda and the Guadalete River, which flows in the bay of Cadiz to the south of Jerez de la Frontera

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14
Q

Where are 80% of Jerez’s vines located?

A

in Jerez Superior

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15
Q

What are the sub-varieties of Palomino seen in Jerez?

A 
Palomino de Jerez
Palomino Fino (more common, higher yield, more disease resistant)
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16
Q

Where is most of the arenas soil, and therfore Moscatel, found?

A

near Chipiona

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17
Q

What is the southernmost town of Jerez?

A

Chiclana de la Frontera

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18
Q

Name 3 important vineyards of Jerez

A 
Macharnudo (over 2000 acres)
Añina
Carrascal
Miraflores (Sanlucar)
Balbaina (PdSM)
Los Tercios (PdSM)
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19
Q

How long does soleo typically last fro PX and Moscatel grapes?

A

1-3 weeks

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20
Q

What is the training method for Jerez vines?

A

Vara y Pulgar

Growers prune alternate spurs. One year’s vara (stick) is pruned back to be the next year’s pulgar (thumb)

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21
Q

How were Jerez grapes traditionally pressed?

A

pisadores (laborers) would stomp on them wearing Zapatos de Pisar (bowboy boots with angled nails on the bottom

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22
Q

What is the max yield for Palomino in Jerez?

A

80 hl/ha in the vineyard (for Jerez superior, otherwise 100 hl/ha)
70 liters of juice per 100 kg in the winery

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23
Q

What is the must of Jerez called?

A

Mosto de Yema

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24
Q

what are the three stages of quality for the Mosto de Yema?

A 
Primera Yema (free run, 60-70% of the Mosto de Yema)
Segunda Yema (press wine)
Mosto Prensa (destined for ditillate)
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25
Q

What is desfangado?

A

racking

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26
Q

What are the stages of fermentation in Jerez?

A

tumultuous fermentation- hot and vigourous, lasting up to a week
“Lenta” slow fermentation, any remaining suagr is feremtnated over a few weeks at a lower temp

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27
Q

What is the alcohol of Jerez base wine?

A

11-12.5%

28
Q

After fermentation, how are tanks classified in Jerez?

A

Primera Yema becomes “Palo” with a vertical slash for Fino or Manz
Segunda Yema becomes “Gordura” w a circle for Oloroso

29
Q

How are Sherry base wines fortified?

A

w a mixture of spirit and mature sherry called Mitad y Mitad. It’s more gentle than just adding spirit to base wine

30
Q

What does Flor need to develop?

A 
Contact with oxygen
Humidity
Mod temp (60-70ºF)
Absence of fermentable sugar
15-15.5% abv
31
Q

What is Sobretablas and how long does it last?

A

An intermediary stage for Jerez aging under Flor.

6-12 months

32
Q

What barrel is used for aging sherry before the Solera?

A

600 L neutral American oak butts

33
Q

How are sherries classified after Sobretablas?

A 
Palma
Palma Cortada
Palo Cortado
Raya
Dos Rayas
34
Q

What would cause a sherry to be marked Palo Cortado after Sobretablas?

A

Flor is present but the wine is richer. This will be fortified to min 17% abv to destroy the Flor.

35
Q

What is the fate of a wine classified as Raya?

A

Fortified to 17-18% abv to become Oloroso

36
Q

What is the min aging in Solera for all Sherries?

A

pre-2010 was 3 yrs

Now just 2 yrs

37
Q

What styles of Jerez can carry a Certified Age Designation?

A

Amontillado
Oloroso
Palo Cortado
PX

38
Q

What are the age designations used in Jerez? What do they signify?

A

VOS (Vinum Optimum Signatum) min 20 yrs average

VORS (Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum) min 30 yrs avg age

39
Q

What is the maximum number of criaderas in a solera?

A

14

40
Q

For every liter of wine drawn from the solera, how many must remain?

A

for every liter taken, 2 liters must remain. So 1/3 can be taken.

41
Q

What are trasiegos?

A

Movements of wine through the solera from criadera to the next

42
Q

Why does flor depend on the solera system?

A

Flor needs certain nutrients and oxygen to survive. The refreshing of the wines brings new nutrients

43
Q

What the alcohol levels of Sherry?

A 
Fino: 15-17%
Amontillado: 16-22%
Oloroso and Palo Cortado: 17-22%
Medium/Dry: 15-22%
Pale Cream/Cream: 15.5-22%
44
Q

What are the generoso wines classified as in Sanlucar de Barrameda?

A

Manzanilla Fina
Manzanilla Pasada (Amontillado style)
Manzanilla Oloroso

45
Q

What is Cabeceo?

A

The process of assembling the final sherry blend on a small scale and then applying it proportionally to the wine at large

46
Q

What sweetening agents can be used for sweet sherry?

A

Dulce Pasa
Dulce de Almibar
Mistela

47
Q

What is Dulce de Almibar?

A

Rare

A blend of invert sugar and Fino

48
Q

How can a Sherry house adjust the color of the final wine?

A

with Vino de Color, a combo of boiled syrup and fresh must

49
Q

What are the types of Vino de Color?

A

Sancocho- reduced to 1/3 of the original volume

Arrope- reduced to 1/5 of the original volume

50
Q

What do Almacenistas do?

A

They pruchase young wines, age them, and then sell them to shippers at proper maturity. Not very important today.

51
Q

What are Sherries produced solely from sunned grapes called?

A

Vino Dulce Natural

They are still fortified after partial fermentation

52
Q

What is the principal grape of Montilla-Moriles DO?

A

PX

53
Q

Why are Vino Generoso from Montilla-Moriles DO not always fortified?

A

It’s so hot, the grapes can often naturally ferment to 15.5%

54
Q

What is the subzone of Montilla-Moriles DO?

A

Montilla-Moriles Superior

higher concentration of albariza

55
Q

Can still wines be made in Montilla-Moriles DO?

A

Yes!

Blanco and aged Blanco (1 yr in oak)

56
Q

What styles can be made in Malaga DO?

A

Seco (still, dry)
Vino de Uvas Sobremaduradas (Overripe, not fortified)
Fortified
Vino de Uvas Pasificadas Dulce (Dried grape, not fortified)

57
Q

What is the only red grape authroized in Malaga DO?

A

Romé

58
Q

What is Vino Maestro in Malaga DO?

A

VdL

59
Q

What is Vino Tierno in Malaga DO?

A

VDN from sunned grapes

60
Q

What are the age categories for Malaga DO?

A 
Malaga Palido (max 6 mo)
Malaga (6-24 mo in oak)
Malaga Noble (24-36 mo in oak)
Malaga Anejo (36-60 mo in oak)
Malaga Transanejo (min 60 mo in oak)
61
Q

What does Lagrima indicate on a bottle of Malaga DO? and Lagrimae Christi?

A

Traditional style of Malaga Vino de Licor produced without any mechanical pressing
Lagrimae Christi is Lagrima aged min 2 yrs in oak

62
Q

What is the only DO of Andalucia that does not make sweet wine?

A

Sierras de Malaga DO

63
Q

What are the grapes of Sierras de Malaga DO?

A

Blanco: Chrd, PX, Moscatel de Alejandria, Moscatel Morisco, SB, Macabeo
Rosado/Tinto: Romé, CS, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo

64
Q

What styles can be made in Condado de Huelva DO?

A 
Blanco, Tinto
Condado Palido (solera, biological aging)
Condado Viejo (solera, oxidative aging)
Vino Genersoso de Licor (solera, sweet fortified)
65
Q

What are the rec grapes of Condado de Huelva DO?

A

Blanco: Zalema
Tinto: Syrah, Tempranillo, CS, CF, Merlot

66
Q

What is aserpia? What is another word for it?

A

The building of ridges in the albariza between vine rows in Jerez to catch and store rainwater in the fall and winter. The Aserpia channel walls are then demolished and levelled out in the spring.
AKA Alumbra

Spain (10 decks)

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