Single Sample t Test Flashcards

1
Q

Standard Deviation

A

SD= √ Σ(X-M)^2 / N

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2
Q

Calculating standard deviations from samples when estimating the population standard deviation

A

SD= √ Σ(X-M)^2 / (N-1)

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3
Q

When do we use t distributions?

A

if we don’t know σ

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4
Q

As N approaches infinity, the t distribution approaches…

A

the z distribution

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5
Q

The shape of a smaller sample size curve is…

A

wider and flatter

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6
Q

Degrees of freedom

A

the number of scores that are free to vary when we estimate a population parameter from a sample

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7
Q

Calculating degrees of freedom

A

df= N-1

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8
Q

How do we use the t tale to find critical values for hypothesis testing?

A

know our degrees of freedom, alpha level, and whether we are using a one-tailed or two-tailed

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9
Q

Assumptions for a one sample t test

A
  1. Dependent variable is on a scale measure
  2. Participants are randomly selected
  3. Population distribution is approximately normal
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10
Q

Conceptual understanding of the one sample t test

A

A hypothesis test in which we compare a sample from which we collect data to a population for which we know the mean (or at least suspect a mean), but for which we do not know the population standard deviation
-similar to z statistic

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11
Q

Calculating a t statistic

A

t= (M-μM) / Sm

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12
Q

Calculating standard error (Sm)

A

Sm= (S / √N)

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13
Q

Steps for hypothesis testing

A
  1. Identify the populations, distribution, and assumptions, and then choose the appropriate hypothesis test
  2. State the null and research hypotheses, in both words and symbolic notation
  3. Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution
  4. Determine the critical values, or cutoffs, that indicate the points beyond which we will reject the null hypothesis
  5. calculate the test statistic
  6. Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis
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14
Q

Equations for 95% confidence interval

A
Mlower= -t(Sm) + Msample
Mupper= t(Sm) + Msample
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15
Q

Cohen’s d

A

d= (M-μ) / s

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16
Q

Reporting statistics in APA style

A

t(40) = 7.00, p