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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 major structural divisions if the nervous system and what the each consist of

A

Central Nervous System; contains brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System; contains nerves and sensory receptors

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2
Q

Name 3 functions of the nervous system

A

Sensation, integration, and response

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3
Q

Integration; definition and where does it occur

A

Processing of sensory information; occurs in the CNS

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4
Q

Name 2 types of responses; are the voluntary or involuntary, what do they activate

A

Somatic: voluntary, activates skeletal muscle

Autonomic: involuntary, activates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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5
Q

Function of neurons

A

Primary cell responsible for communication

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6
Q

Function of Neuroglia (glial cells)

A

Support neurons

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7
Q

Soma (cell body) contains what?

A

Nucleus and most organelles

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8
Q

Dendrites: definition and function

A

Branching cellular extensions of the soma; receives information (stimuli) from other structures

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9
Q

Axon: definition and function

A

Single, long strand of soma; send information to target (may be covered in myelin sheaths)

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10
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Branches at the end of axon

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11
Q

Synaptic End Bulbs

A

Ends of the axon terminals

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12
Q

What is a cluster of cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

What is a cluster of cell bodies and dendrites in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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14
Q

What is a cluster of axons in the CNS?

A

Tract

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15
Q

What is a cluster of axons in the PNS?

A

Nerve

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16
Q

Glial Cells

A

Helps neurons perform their function

17
Q

Name the 6 types of glial cells and if they’re in the CNS or PNS

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, & Ependymal cells in the CNS and Satellite cells & Schwann cells in the PNS

18
Q

Definition and 3 functions of Astrocytes

A

Cellular processes that interact with neurons, blood vessels or connective tissue; Maintains concentration of chemicals in extracellular fluid, removes excess signaling chemicals (neurotransmitters), and contributes to the blood-brain barrier

19
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Physiological barrier between the blood and CSF

20
Q

In the blood brain barrier, name the 3 substances that cannot reach the brain and name 5 that can reach the brain

A

CAN: glucose, amino acids, water, some ions, and oxygen

CANT: toxins, pathogens, and white blood cells

21
Q

Oligodendrocyte: definition and function

A

Insulates axons in the CNS by creating myelin sheaths; myelin speeds up nerve impulses

22
Q

Microglia: definition and function

A

Immune cells; destroys pathogens within the CNS

23
Q

Ependymal Cells: location and functions

A

Located in the walls of ventricles (spaces in brain); blood is filtered to produce CSF and cilia helps circulate CSF

24
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Special area of the Ependymal cells where CSF is produced

25
Q

Which type of glial cell is similar in function to astrocytes

A

Satellite Cells

26
Q

Which glial cell is similar in function to the oligodendrocytes and produces myelin sheaths in the PNS

A

Schwann Cells

27
Q

How do neurons transmit information

A

Action Potential

28
Q

What speeds up nerve impluses (action potential)

A

Myelin Sheath

29
Q

How do ions cross the cell membrane

A

Transport proteins

30
Q

Membrane Potential

A

Distribution of charge (ions) across the cell membrane when a nerve impulse is NOT occuring

31
Q

Resting Membrane Potential; are both ions pumped away from or against the concentration gradient?

A

Maintained by sodium/potassium pump; against

32
Q

______ ions are pumped ______ the cell while _________ ions are pumped _____ the cell

A

Sodium; out of; Potassium; into

33
Q

Depolarization

A

Gated sodium channels open

34
Q

What 2 things are depolarization stimulated by

A

Neurotransmitters and sensory stimuli (ex: heat, movement, and chemicals)

35
Q

What happens to sodium during depolarization

A

Diffuses into the cell

36
Q

Where does depolarization travel

A

Along the axon from the soma to the axon terminals

37
Q

Synapse

A

Area where a neuron stimulates a target (dendrites of another neuron, glands, or muscles

38
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Gap between synaptic end bulb and target

39
Q

Name 4 examples of neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline

Anatomy (8 decks)

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