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Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) > The Oral Mucosa and Gingivae > Flashcards

The Oral Mucosa and Gingivae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the oral mucosa

A
  • Mechanical protection against both compressive and shearing forces
  • Barrier against bacteria, toxins, antigens
  • Immunological defences (humoral and cell-mediated
    immunity)
  • Contains minor salivary glands that lubricate the mucosa
  • Innervation (sensory nerve endings for touch, pain, taste)
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2
Q

What are the 3 functional classes of the oral mucosa

A
  1. Masticatory
  2. Lining
  3. Specialised
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3
Q

Where is the masticatory mucosa found, is it keratinised and describe its lamina propria

A
  • in areas of high compression and friction
  • gingivae, hard palate
  • highly keratinized and thick lamina propria
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4
Q

Where is the lining mucosa found, is it keratinised and describe its lamina propria

A

• in areas that must be mobile and distensible
• cheeks, lips, alveolar mucosa, floor of mouth, ventral
surface of tongue, soft palate
• non-keratinized and loose lamina propria

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5
Q

Where is the specialised mucosa found

A
  • dorsal surface of the tongue (because of taste buds)

* vermilion of lips (transition between skin-oral mucosa)

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6
Q

What kind of epithelium is in the oral mucosa

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What are the properties/features of the Lamina Propria

A

Connective tissue
Mainly fibroblasts
ECM rich in collagen
Capillaries and nerve endings

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8
Q

Where is the sub-mucosa and what does it consist of

A 
Under the muscularis mucosa
Loose CT
Fat deposits
Glands
Nerves (probably intrinsic)
Blood vessels
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9
Q

What are the different categories of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Keratinised
Non-keratinised
Parakeratinised

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10
Q

What is the surface of keratinised epithelium made of and what is it filled with

A

Surface made of non-viable cells without nuclei, filled with keratins (stratum corneum)

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11
Q

What is the surface of non-keratinised epithelium made of

A

Surface consists of all viable cells with nuclei

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12
Q

What is the surface of parakeratinised epithelium made of

A

Surface made of some non-viable cells without nuclei, and some apoptotic cells with shrivelled nuclei

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13
Q

What are the different layers of the keratinised epithelium

A

Stratum Corneum - keratinised layer
Stratum Granulosum - granular layer
Stratum Spinosum - prickle cell layer
Stratum Germinativum - stratum basale or basal layer

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14
Q

What does the stratum germinativum (basale) contain a lot of and what is its role

A
  • Contains a lot of progenitor cells

- Gives rise to the epithelial layers above it

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15
Q

What are the cells of the stratum spinosum like and what is its role

A
  • Prickly (spinous), Larger and rounder cells, connected by desmosomes
  • Produces keratins that are resistant fibrous cytoskeletal proteins that are composed of intermediate filaments (found in all epithelia)
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16
Q

What are the cells of the stratum granulosum like and what granules can be found

A
  • Cells become larger, flatter and more mature in this layer

- Cytoplasm gradually fills with keratinohyaline granules

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17
Q

What are the cells of the stratum corneum like and what is this layer’s role

A
  • Cells lose all organelles and completely fill with keratins.
  • Provides mechanical protection to the mucosa
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18
Q

What allows the stratum corneum cells to shed off for the physiological turnover of epithelial tissue

A

The desmosomes disappear

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19
Q

What kind of proteins are keratins

A

Structural

20
Q

Where are a lot of keratins found

A

Epithelial cells and hair

21
Q

What are the layers of non-keratinised epithelium

A

Superficial cells
Stratum Intermedium
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum

22
Q

What are the cells of the stratum intermedium like and how is it different from the stratum granulosum

A
  • Cells become larger, flatter and more mature

- No keratinohyaline granules

23
Q

What are the cells of the superficial layer like

A

Nuclei present in cells

Desmosomes disappear, allowing cells to shed off and physiological turnover

24
Q

What is the basement membrane found between

A

It is the interface between the epithelium and connective tissue

25
Q

What is the role of the basal lamina

A

Provides mechanical adhesion of epithelium to connective tissue and, at the same time, acts as barrier between them

26
Q

What synthesises the basal lamina

A

Synthesized by cells of the stratum germinativum

27
Q

What are the 2 layers of the basal lamina

A
  • Lamina lucida: adjacent to epithelium (laminin)

- Lamina densa: adjacent to connective tissue (collagen IV)

28
Q

What is the role of hemidesmosomes in the basement membrane

A

structures on the cell side of basal lamina that link basement membrane to epithelial cells

29
Q

What is the lamina propria

A

Connective tissue underlying the epithelium

30
Q

Describe the collagen fibres in the superficial and deep layers of the lamina propria

A

Superficial - thin, loosely arranged collagen fibres

Deep - thick parallel bundles of collagen fibres

31
Q

What protein is there a lot of in the lamina propria

A

Collagen

32
Q

What is the role of the fibroblasts in the lamina propria

A

Producing the ECM

33
Q

What defence cells are in the lamina propria

A
  • Macrophages
  • Lymphocytes
  • Mast cells
34
Q

Name as many areas of the oral mucosa that have thin epithelia as you can

A

Floor of Mouth
Alveolar mucosa
Vermilion zone (lips)
Tongue (ventral)

35
Q

Name as many areas of the oral mucosa that have thick epithelia as you can

A 
Tongue (dorsal)
Soft Palate
Hard Palate
Labial - buccal
Gingivae
36
Q

Name as many parts of the oral mucosa with a keratinised epithelia as you can

A

Vermilion zone (lips)
Tongue (dorsal)
Hard Palate
Gingivae

37
Q

Name as many parts of the oral mucosa with a non-keratinised epithelia as you can

A 
Floor of mouth
Alveolar mucosa
Tongue (ventral)
Soft Palate
Labial-veccal
38
Q

What is leukoplakia and what are some risk factors

A
  • White lesion of the oral mucosa
  • Increased thickness of keratinised layer
  • Associated with smoking and infection
  • Can exhibit malignant transformation
39
Q

In the gingiva point out the “knife edge” papillae, gingival crevice, free gingiva, attached gingiva and mucogingival junction

A

knife edge papillae = thinnest part between teeth

40
Q

What is the gingival sulcus

A

Small crevice between gums and enamel of tooth

41
Q

What is the difference between gingival, sulcular and junctional epithelium

A

Gingival - epithelium of normal gums
Sulcular - epithelium in the sulcus, not touching enamel
Junctional - epithelium touching the enamel

42
Q

What does the CT under the gingival epithelium connect the epithelium to

A

Alveolar bone

43
Q

Is the sulcular epithelium keratinised and how deep is the gingival sulcus when healthy

A

Non-keratinised

0.5-2mm. deep in health

44
Q

Is the junctional epithelium keratinised and what connects it to the enamel

A

Non keratinised

Hemidesmosomes

45
Q

What does the permeability of the junctional epithelium allow for

A

Tissue fluid and immune cells to pass through into the gingival sulcus for defence against invading oral bacteria

46
Q

What are some symptoms of chronic gingivitis, gotta get all sciencey to get this right

A
  • Heavy neutrophil emigration into the enlarge gingival crevice
  • entensive gingival plaque
  • no loss of CT attachment
  • Plasma cell dominated inflammatory infiltrate
47
Q

What are some symptoms of chronic periodontitis

A
  • Gingival recession with fibrosis in CT
  • Continued extension of sub gingival plaque
  • Extension of inflammatory infiltrate
  • Apical migration and ulceration of the junctional epithelium
  • Alveolar bone resorption and periodontal ligament loss

Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) (15 decks)

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