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CVNOTES > Cardiovascular Medicine Revision Notes > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Medicine Revision Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Irregularly Irregular

A

Atrial fibrillation

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2
Q

Slow rising pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

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3
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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4
Q

Bounding pulse

A

Acute CO2 retention
Hepatic failure
Sepsis

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5
Q

Radio-femoral delay

A

Coarctation of aorta

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6
Q

Jerky pulse

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Mitral regurgitation

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7
Q

Pulsus bisferiens

A

Mixed aortic valve disease

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

Pulsus

A

Constrictive pericarditis

Cardiac tamponade

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9
Q

Raised, fixed JVP

A

Superior vena cava obstruction

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10
Q

JVP rising on inspiration

A

Cardiac tamponade

Constrictive pericarditis

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11
Q

Large v waves

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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12
Q

Large a waves

A

Atrial fibrillation

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13
Q

Cannon a waves

A

Complete heart block
Atrioventricular dissociation
Ventricular arrhythmias.

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14
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Tapping apex beat
Loud first heart sound
Rumbling mid-diastolic murmur at apex - louder in left lateral position on expiration

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15
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Displaced, volume overload apex beat
Soft first hear sound
Pansystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla (louder in expiration)

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16
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Narrow pulse pressure
Soft second heart sound
Ejection systolic murmur in aortic area radiating to carotids and apex.

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17
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

Wide pulse pressure
Displaced, volume-overloaded apex beat
Early diastolic murmur at lower sternal edge - best heard in expiration leaning forward

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18
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation

A

Large systolic v waves

Pansystolic murmur lower left sternal edge - best heard in inspiration.

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19
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

Harsh pansystolic murmur lower left sternal edge

Left parasternal heave.

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20
Q

Downsyndrome

A

Atrioventricular Septal Defect

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21
Q

Turners Syndrome

A

Aortic Coarctation

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22
Q

William Syndrome

A

Aortic Stenosis

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23
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse & Aortic Dissection/Dilation

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24
Q

Noonan’s Syndrome

A

Bleeding & Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

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25
Q

Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome

A

Atrioventricular Tachycardia -> Atrial Fibrilation.
Left = Dominant R wave in V1
Right = no R in V1

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26
Q

22q 11Del, DiGeorge,Sphrintzen

A

Outflow Tract Cardiac Malformation

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27
Q

Malar cheek flush

A

Mitral Stenosis

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28
Q

Pulsatile Hepatomegaly

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

29
Q

Carotid Pulsation - Corrigan’s Sign

A

Aortic regurgitation

30
Q

Head nodding - De Musset’s Sign

A

Aortic regurgitation

31
Q

Capillary pulsations in nail-bed - Quincke’s Sign

A

Aortic regurgitation

32
Q

Pistal-shot heard over femorals - Traube’s Sign

A

Aortic regurgitation

33
Q

Roth’s spots - boat shaped retinal haemorrhages

A

Infective endocarditis

34
Q

Osler’s nodes - painful hard swellings on fingers/toes

A

Infective endocarditis

35
Q

Janeway’s lesions -painless erythematous blanching macules seen on palmar surfaces.

A

Infective endocarditis

36
Q

Wide, fixed split second heart sound

Ejection systolic murmur second, third intercostal space

A

Atrial Septal Defect

37
Q

Harsh pansystolic murmur left sternal edge

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

38
Q

Radiofemoral delay

Hypertension

A

Coarctation of Aorta

39
Q

Continuous “machinery” murmur below left clavicle

A

Persistent ductus arteriosus

40
Q

Cyanosis first day of life

A

Transposition of great vessels

41
Q

Chest X Ray - egg shaped ventricles

A

Transposition of great vessels

42
Q

Cyanosis first month of life

A

Teratology of Fallot

43
Q

Chest X Ray - boot shaped

A

Teratology of Fallot

44
Q

Saw tooth pattern with normal complexes

A

Atrial Flutter

45
Q

Absent p Wave

A

Atrial Fibrilation

Sino atrial block

46
Q

Bifid p wave

A

Left atrial hypertrophy - mitral stenosis

47
Q

Peaked p wave

A

Right atrial hypertrophy - pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis

48
Q

ST depression

A

Myocardial ischaemia

49
Q

ST elevation

A

Acute Myocardial Infarction

50
Q

Saddle shaped ST elevation

A

Acute constrictive pericarditis

51
Q

SI (deep), QIII, TIII (inverted)

A

Pulmonary Embolus

52
Q

Tall tented T waves, Wide QRS

A

Hyperkalaemia

53
Q

Flattened T waves, prominent U waves - muscle weakness, cramps, tetany

A

Hypokalaemia

54
Q

Long QT interval, tetany, perioral paraesthesia, carpopedal spasm

A

Hypocalcaemia

55
Q

II, III, aVF

Hyper-acute T waves (inverts later)
ST elevation
Q wave formation

A

Inferior Infarct

56
Q

I, aVL, V2-V6

Hyper-acute T waves (inverts later)
ST elevation
Q wave formation

A

Anteriolateral Infarct

57
Q

V2-V5

Hyper-acute T waves (inverts later)
ST elevation
Q wave formation

A

Anterior Infarct

58
Q

ST and T wave changes but no Q waves

Hyper-acute T waves (inverts later)
ST elevation

A

Subendocardial Infarct

59
Q

Reciprocal changes V1, V2 (tall R waves, ST depression, tall upright T waves)

Hyper-acute T waves (inverts later)
ST elevation
Q wave formation

A

Posterior Infarct.

60
Q

Impotence
Shortness of breath
Cold peripheries

A

Beta blockers - e.g. propanolol

61
Q

Persistent dry cough

A

ACE inhibitor - e.g. Captopril

62
Q

Gynaecomastia

A

Dignoxin, Spironolactone

63
Q

Hyper/Hypothyroidism
Corneal Microdeposits
Lung/liver fibrosis

A

Amiodarone

64
Q

Constipation

A

Verapamil

65
Q

Flushing, headache, ankle oedema

A

Nifedipine

66
Q

Gout (hyperuricaemia)

A

Thiazide diuretic - e.g. bendofluazide

67
Q

Increased hair growth

A

Minoxidil

68
Q

Drug-induced SLE

A

Hydralazine.

CVNOTES (57 decks)

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