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A - Cancer Care [1] COPY > [38] Gastric Cancer > Flashcards

[38] Gastric Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

When is gastric cancer most common?

A

50’s

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2
Q

What is the male to female ratio of gastric cancer?

A

M:F = 2:1

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3
Q

Where is gastric cancer more common?

A

Japan
Eastern Europe
China
S. America

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for gastric cancer?

A 
Atrophic gastritis
Diet 
Smoking
Blood group A
Low socio-economic background
Familial
Partial gastrectomy
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5
Q

How can atrophic gastritis increase the risk of gastric cancer?

A

It can cause intestinal metaplasia

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6
Q

What can cause atrophic gastritis?

A

Pernicious anaemia

H. Pylori

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7
Q

What dietary factors increase the risk of gastric cancer?

A

Increases nitrates (Foods that are smoked, pickled, or salted)

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8
Q

How do nitrates increase the risk of gastric cancer?

A

Nitrates form carcinogenic nitrosamines in the GIT

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9
Q

How can gastric cancer risk be familial?

A

If there is a familial E. cadherin abnormality

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10
Q

What kind of cancers are gastric cancers?

A

Mainly adenocarcinomas

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11
Q

Where are gastric cancers usually located?

A

On gastric antrum

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12
Q

On what basis can gastric cancers be classified?

A

Depth of invasion
Microscopic appearance
Bormann Classification

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13
Q

Where do early gastric cancers invade?

A

The mucosa or submucosa

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14
Q

Where do late gastric cancers invade?

A

Muscularis propria

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15
Q

What are the classifications of gastric cancers based on their microscopic appearance?

A

Intestinal

Diffuse

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16
Q

How do intestinal gastric cancers appear?

A

Bulky, glandular tumours with heaped ulceration

17
Q

How do diffuse gastric cancers appear?

A

Infiltrate, with signet ring cell morphology

18
Q

What is the Bormann classification of gastric cancers?

A
  1. Polypoid/fungating
  2. Excavating
  3. Ulcerating and raised
  4. Linitis plastica
19
Q

How does linitis plastica appear?

A

Leather-bottle like thickening, with flat rugae

20
Q

What are the symptoms of gastric cancer?

A

Weight loss and anorexia
Dyspepsia
Dysphagia
Nausea and vomiting

21
Q

What is meant by dyspepsia?

A

Epigastric or retrosternal pain/discomfort

22
Q

What is the problem with the symptoms of gastric cancer?

A

They usually present late

23
Q

What are the signs of gastric cancer?

A 
Anaemia
Epigastric mass
Jaundice
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
Virchow's node 
Acanthosis nigricans
24
Q

What are the complications of gastric cancer?

A

Perforation
Upper GI bleed
Gastric outlet obstruction

25
Q

What develops when gastric cancer spreads within the stomach?

A

Linitis plastica

26
Q

What causes Sister Mary Joseph nodules?

A

Umbilical mets

A - Cancer Care [1] COPY (47 decks)

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