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Parasitology > Superfamily Ancylostomatoidea > Flashcards

Superfamily Ancylostomatoidea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of Ancylostomatoidea?

A 
Hookworms 
Anterior ends are bent dorsally 
Contains buccal capsule 
Bursa
Contain teeth / cutting plates 
General strongylida eggs 
Located mainly in small intestine 
Feed on blood, mucous and tissues 
Parasites move places and cause more damage
Are zoonotic - can infect humans (CLM)
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2
Q

Routes of Infection for Ancylostomatoidea

A

Transcutaneously
Orally
Milk

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3
Q

What species of Ancylostomatoidea infect dogs?

A

Ancylostoma caninum, A. brazilense, A. ceylanicum, Unicaria sternocephala

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4
Q

What species of Ancylostomatoidea infect cats?

A

Anyclostoma tubaeforme, A. brazilense, A. ceylanicum, Uncinaria sternocephala.

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5
Q

Which Ancylostoma species has 3 pairs, 2 pairs and 1 pair of teeth?

A

A. caninum = 3 pairs of teeth
A. braziliense = 2 pairs of teeth
A. ceylanicum = 1 pair of teeth (2 teeth)

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6
Q

What species has a cutting plate?

A

Unicinaria stenocephala

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7
Q

Within A. caninum, how much blood per day can one parasite extract?

A

0.2ml / day / adult –> constantly changing place (4-6 times a day) causes major pathology

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8
Q

What occurs when humans are infected with dog hookworms?

A

Worms undergo cutaneous larval migration (CLM)

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9
Q

What are the main features of A. caninum?

A

Infect dogs
Located within small intestine
Have 3 pairs of teeth
Are dorsally bent - anterior end
Very pathogenic and prolific
egg, thin shell, many cell, L1-3 in environment. prefer warm temps.
Can move into the intestine for development (via oral or transcutaneous route) or can arrest within various tissues and reactivate during lactation of females –> infect pups through milk.

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10
Q

Routes of transmission for A. caninum

A

Transcutaneously - tracheal migration to intestine
Ingestion - direct to intestine
Arrested development within various tissues and can pass via milk

Paratenic host - birds, rats, mice, earthworms.

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11
Q

What is the significance of arrested larvae?

A

Non pathogenic
Avoid immune system
Can reactivate and infect pups during lactation
Can be a reservoir for adult parasites when they are eliminated.

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12
Q

General lifecycle of hookworms

A

thin shell, many cells released into environment within faeces.
develop from L1-3 in environemnt, L3 infective stage
can infect paratenic hosts or directly into the definitive host via transcutaneous or oral transmission (or milk of from mother to offspring)
move into intestine where they mature and feed on blood, mucosa and tissues- very pathogenic. mature into adults and produce eggs.

Or can arrest within various tissues and go into hypobiosis.

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13
Q

What are the main features of A. braziliense?

A 
Infects dogs and cats
located in small intestine 
contains 2 pairs of teeth. 
anterior end bent dorsally
Lifecycle similar to general lifecycle.  
Contain paratenic hosts. 
Do not have transmammary transmission 
Transmit via transcutaneous or oral
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14
Q

What are the main features of Unicinara stenocephala?

A

Infects dogs, cats and foxes
Located in small intestine
contain buccal capsule with cutting plates
Anterior is bent dorsally
Prefer colder temperatures for development
Contain transcutanous, oral, paratenic host transmission. No transmammary

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15
Q

Factors that influence the fate of the larvae (somatic vs intestinal migration)

A

Age / resistance of host

Temperature L3 were exposed to before infection

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16
Q

When hypobiotic larvae are reactivated, what happens?

A

Can travel to the mammary glands and infect the puppies (transmammary infection is only within A. caninum)

Can spontaneously reactivate and move into small intestine

17
Q

What are the main features of A. tubaeforme?

A

Infect cats
3 pairs of teeth (smaller than A. caninum)
Can live for up to 2 years in environment
Infect via skin, orally or paratenic hosts

18
Q

What are the hookworms of ruminants?

A

Bunostomum trigonocephalum - sheep and goats

Bunostomum phlebotomum - cattle

19
Q

What is the lifecycle of Bunostomum species?

A

Eggs shed in faeces, L1-3 within environment
Infection of the host with L3 transcutaneously or via pasture (orally).

Transcutaneous infection migrate to the lungs (tracheal migration) before maturing in intestine

Oral infection - directly to intestine where they develop within in the wall before emerging into the lumen

20
Q

Main features of Bunostomum trigonocephalum?

A

Infects sheep and goats
Located in the small intestine
Contains cutting plates and a dorsal cone (tooth)
Feeds on blood
Buccal capsule more triangle shaped and big
Transmission transcutaneously and orally

21
Q

Main features of Bunostomum phlebotomum ?

A 
infects cattle 
located in small intestine 
feeds on bloods 
anterior end is bent dorsally
long worm compared to trigonocephalum 
Shorter dorsal cone 
Long spicules 
Transcutaneous and oral transmission

Parasitology (20 decks)

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