Kidney disease I - Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

what are the 4 common kidney diseases class?

Answer 1

1. glomerulonephritis
2. renal vascular disease
3. tubular injury
4. tubulointerstitial disease

Question 2

what is the difference of nephrotic and nephritic syndromes

some complications?

Answer 2

Nephrotic syndrome:

• MARKED proteinuria - albumin
• hyperlipidaemia
• Odema
• Hypercoagubility
  complications: loss of clotting factors, loss of immunoglobulin (susceptible to infection)

Nephritic syndrome

• HAEMATURIA (ACUTE onset)
• mild proteinuria
• reduced GFR and HT

Question 3

What is the difference between acute kidney injury and chronic renal disease

Answer 3

acute kidney injury (acute renal failure)

• rapid fall in GFR, plasma creatinine can still appear normal
• oligouria and anuria can occur

Chronic kidney disease
- the reduction in GFR is sustained for at least 3 months, different stages. Can result in end stage renal failure

Question 4

what are the 4 glomerular diseases that can lead to nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

1. membranous nephropathy
2. membranoprolierative glomerulonephritis
3. minimal change disease
4. Focalsegmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 5

what is the glomerular disease that can cause nephritic syndrome

• describe it
• histological (light and electron) and immunoflorescence finding please

Answer 5

I = post-infectious glomerulonephritis

related to GAS infection (commonly), but other infections can also cause it

• antibodies take time to make, so glomerulonephritis happens few days AFTER infection (1week to 1month after infection)
• light: neutrophil infiltration (at capillaries)
• immunoflorescence: IgG deposition, C3 positive = SPOTTY
• electron: subepithelial humps

Question 6

what is the most common cause of glomerular disease

• what is the histological findings etc

Answer 6

IgA nephropathy

IgA deposit at the mesangium
- mesangial cell proliferation and activation