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Question 1

a group of people who share a set of characteristics - typically, but not always, physical ones - and are said to share a common bloodline

Answer 1

race

Question 2

the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

Answer 2

Racism

Question 3

nineteenth century theories of race that characterize a period of feverish investigation into the origins, explanations, and classifications of race

Answer 3

Scientific racism

Question 4

the belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one’s own

Answer 4

Ethnocentrism

Question 5

institutions and social dynamics that may seem race neutral but actually disadvantage minority groups

Answer 5

Institutional Racism

Question 6

nationality, not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but of identifying with a past or future nationality. For later generations of white ethnics, something not constraining but easily expressed, with no risks of stigma and all the pleasures of feeling like an individual

Answer 6

Symbolic Ethnicity

Question 7

the formation of a new racial identity y drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people

Answer 7

Racialization

Question 8

literally meaning “well born”; a pseudoscience that postulates that controlling the fertility of populations could influence inheritable traits passed on from generation to generation

Answer 8

Eugenics

Question 9

the philosophical and religious notion that all people are created equal

Answer 9

Ontological equality