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Pathology > Lecture 29 > Flashcards

Lecture 29 Flashcards

1
Q

What factors contribute to pneumonia in pigs

A
  • Age, genetic makeup, immune status of pigs
  • Management practices
  • Infectious agents
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2
Q

Explain swine influenza

A
  • Catarrhal to mucopurulent inflammation from nasal passage to bronchioles
  • Typical virus induced necrotizing bronchitis-bronchiolitis
  • Low mortality unless there is secondary bacterial infection
    • Pasteurella multocida
    • Trueperella pyogenes
    • Haemophilus spp
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Explain porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

A
  • Intersistial pneumonia
    • Characterised by macrophages and lymphocytes in the alveolar walls and mild Type II pneumonocytes hyperplasia
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5
Q

Explain post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

A
  • Disease associated with porcine circovirus-2
  • Interstitial pneumonia
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6
Q

Explain porcine enzootic pneumonia (Mycoplasmal pneumonia)

A
  • Most economically important disease of pigs sue to the deleterious effects on feed concersion ratio
  • Causes a bronchointerstitial pneumonia
  • Highlu contagious disease of pigs caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
  • Mortality is low expect if there is secondary bacterial infections -> suppurative bronchopneumonia
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7
Q
A

porcine enzootic pneumonia

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8
Q

Explain porcine pleuropneumonia

A
  • Highly contagious worldwide caused by actinbacillus pleuropneumonia
  • Fibronous bronchopneumonia with extensive pleuritis
  • All lobes can be affected by commonly the caudal lobes
  • On cut section, lobes have dilated interlobular septa and irregular areas of coagulative necrosis caused by the potent cytotoxins from Actinbacillus pleuropneumonia
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9
Q
A

porcine pleuropneumonia

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10
Q
A

porcine pleuropneumonia

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11
Q

Explain haemophilus pneumonia

A
  • Some serotypes cause suppurative bronchopneumonia
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12
Q

Explain Tuberculosis

A
  • Hranulomatous pneumonia from Mycobacterium bovis or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
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13
Q

What is parasitic penumonia mostly due to

A

Metastrongylus

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14
Q

How is cainine distemper transmitted

A
  • Infected body tissues
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15
Q

Clinical signs of cainine distemper

A
  • Serous to catarrhal to mucopurulent nasopharyngitis and conjunctivitis
  • Pulmonary oedema and diffuse interstitial pneumonia
  • Histology - necrotizing bronchiolitis, necrosis and exfoliation of pneumocytes, oedema and type II penumonocytes hyper plasia
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16
Q

Where does Canine adenovirus type 2 replicate

A

Viral replication in pneumonocytes

  • Initial bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis & exfoliation of bronchial & alveolar cells
  • Proliferation of Type II pneumonocytes several days later
  • Presence of large basophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies
17
Q

Explain Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1)

A

Fatal generalised disease of new-born puppies

  • Part of “Fading puppy syndrome”

Necrotising rhinotracheitis & secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia in older animals

18
Q

Explain bacterial pneumonias

A
  • Secondary to viral infections or other causes of impairment of respiratory defense system
  • Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Dogs are resistant to tuberculosis
19
Q

What type of infection is Mycotic Pneumonias

A
  • Opportunistic infection eg. Aspergillus fumigatus in immunodepressed dogs or those on long-term antibiotic therapy
    • Nodular pyogranulomatous or granulomatous pneumonia
20
Q

Explain paraquant poisoning

A

•Following ingestion, toxic metabolites are produced by Club cells → metabolites release free radicals

21
Q

What does paraquat poisoning cause damage to

A

•Type I & II pneumonocytes & alveolar endothelial cells

22
Q

What does paraquat poisoning cause

A
  • Extensive oedema & haemorrhage
  • Frequently fatal but in chronic stages, there is extensive interstitial fibrosis & epithelialisation of alveolar walls
23
Q

What is Uraemic pneumonopathy

A
  • Chronic uraemia from kidney failure in dogs
  • Pulmonary oedema & calcification of smooth muscle & alveolar basement membranes
24
Q
A
25
Q

What causes pneumonias in horses

A

•Ingestion of certain species of Crotalaria spp

26
Q
A

Crotalaria crispata toxicity in horses

27
Q

Explain the protozoa, Toxoplasma gondii

A
  • Often secondary to an immunocompromised state
  • Severe multifocal necrotising interstitial pneumonia with marked proliferation of Type II pneumonocytes
28
Q

Explain the nematodes, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A
  • “Feline lung worm”
  • Nodular lesions up to 1 cm in diameter throughout lungs
  • Nodules contain adult parasites, eggs & mucus
29
Q

What is an UR infection in a cat

A

•Viral rhinotracheitis, calcivirus

30
Q

What causes pneumonia in cats

A
  • Viruses can cause interstitial pneumonia with necrotising bronchilitis & ulcers in the mouth (stomatitis)
  • Severe cases complicated by bacterial infections
    • eg. Pasteurella multocida
    • Bordetella bronchiseptica
    • Or fungi
31
Q

What are mycotic penumonias most common cause

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

32
Q

What does Mycotic pneumonias cause

A
  • Pulmonary lesion is a multifocal granulomatous pneumonia
  • Small gelatinous white foci → gelatinous because of mucoid capsule of the organism
  • Lesions elsewhere include rhinitis, sinusitis, meningoencephalitis
33
Q
A

Cryptococcus neoformans

34
Q
A
35
Q

Explan the primary neoplasma of the lung

A
  • Can arise from any cell type in the lungs
    • Most are carcinomas derived from Club cells and Type II pneumonocytes
    • Most common in aged dogs & cats (>11 years)
36
Q

What is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma called

A

pulmonary adenomatosis or jaagsiekte

37
Q
A

Ovine Pulmonary Carcinoma

38
Q
A

Metastases of Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) to lungs in a dog

39
Q
A

Metastatic Haemangiosarcoma

Pathology (26 decks)

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