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Medical Ethics and Law > Beginning of Life > Flashcards

Beginning of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Personhood

A
  • Autonomy of individual/couple

- Non-maleficence of newborn

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2
Q

Potential child welfare

A
  • Human Fertilisaton Embryology Act 1990 (updated 2008)
  • Treatment conditional to predicted wellbeing/welfare of potential child
  • Fostering and adoption criteria
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3
Q

Contraception

A

Fertilisation is a choice due to large range of contraception available

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4
Q

Artificial reproduction techniques

A
  • Artificial insemination
  • IVF
  • ICSI
  • Preimplantation genetic testing
  • Gamete/embryo donation
  • Surrogacy
  • Artificial gametes
  • Reproductive cloning
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5
Q

Infertility

A
  • Medical/social infertility

- Treatment: artificial reproduction

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6
Q

Pre-implantation genetic screening/diagnosis

A
  • Prevention of inherited disorders/future anomalies
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7
Q

Fertility preservation

A

Future infertility due to:

  • Treatments e.g. chemo
  • Age-related

More reproductive control but financial impact

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8
Q

Sex selection

A

Primarily: family balancing

  • Creates gender ratio imbalance
  • Undermine women (in some countries)
  • Against unconditional parental love
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9
Q

“Designer babies”

A

Seeking disability

e.g. deafness, achondroplasia

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10
Q

Reproductive industry

A
  • Commercialisation/tourism
  • Source gametes/surrogates
  • Potential for new opportunity/exploitation
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11
Q

Arguments for abortion

A
  • Acknowledges sexual/reproductive rights of women
  • Unwanted pregnancy can cause physical/mental harm
  • Safe abortion saves lives globally
  • Potential human is not a child
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12
Q

Arguments against abortion

A
  • Denial of rights of embryo/foetus
  • Eliminating the potential for life
  • Contraception as an alternative
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13
Q

Neonatal care of prematurity

A
  • Common complication of pregnancy
  • 24 weeks: age of viability but serious disability risk
  • Difficult decision for resuscitation of 23rd week
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14
Q

Pre-natal screening

A
  • Triple Test in Scotland
  • Non-invasive prenatal screening
  • Progress to diagnostic tests (CVS, amniocentesis): Which conditions? Who to test? Terminate pregnancy or just obtain knowledge?
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15
Q

Triple test

A
  • Chromosomal abnormalities: Down’s, Edward’s, Patau’s trisomies
  • AFP, Estrio, beta hCG
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16
Q

Moral status of embryo

A
  • Up to 14 days after fertilisation (primitive streak appears)
17
Q

Maternal vs foetal interest

A

Maternal autonomy vs foetal status

  • Foetal therapy/surgery (risk to both parties)
  • Delivery for foetal interest
  • Delivery for maternal interest
  • Competence for informed consent

Medical Ethics and Law (15 decks)

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