Exam 1 Flashcards
The entire collection of objects about which information is desired.
Population
A subset of the population; objects from which we actually obtain information or data.
Sample
A list of some or all of the population members from which the sample is drawn; our “practical” population
Sampling frame
A number that describes a characteristic of the population; its value is generally unknown.
Parameter
A number that describes a characteristic of the sample; its value can be calculated from the sample data.
Statistic
An examination of data from past or current information.
Retrospective study
Individuals are followed over a period of time
Prospective study
Standard of care group
Control
Group that receives intervention
Treatment
Individuals are assigned to groups by the use of chance (e.g. two groups: flip a coin) in order to eliminate bias.
Randomization
Cause-and-effect relationships can only be determined with a _________
Randomized experiment
If the treatment cannot be imposed, for practical or ethical reasons, the study is considered to be an ______
Observational study
a characteristic of an individual (not group) in the population or sample
Variable
A variable that defines an attribute or quality.
Categorical variable
Tells how much or how many (must be a number)
Numeric variable
