Ch 57: Acid-Base, Electrolyte, and Metabolic Abnormalities

Question 1

If ionized hypocalcemia is confirmed, plasma ________ and ________ should be measured. Further diagnostic evaluation derives from the differential diagnosis. Without PTH and vitamin D levels, the diagnosis of hypocalcemia remains obscure in the majority of critically ill patients.

Answer 1

magnesium
phosphorus

p. 1019

Question 2

Therapy of hypocalcemia depends on its severity. Hypocalcemia (ionized Ca < 3.2 mg/dL OR < 0.8 mmol/L) accompanied by serious cardiovascular or __________ _____ should be treated urgently. Calcium gluconate (10% in 10 ml containing 90 mg elemental calcium) can be given over 5 - 10 minutes, followed by calcium gluconate infusion 0.5 - 1 g in 500 ml 5% dextrose over 6 hours.

Answer 2

neuromuscular signs

p. 1019