Lesson Two - Synthesis and Transport of Proteins Flashcards
What is a key issue that eukaryotic cells face?
Due to their size the surface area to volume ratio is relatively small
Due to the key issue that eukaryotic cells face what is the consequence of that?
It means that the cell membrane is too small to carry out all of the functions by itself
What have the Eukaryotic cells evolved to have and what does that do?
They have evolved to have a system on internal membranes which in turn increases the surface area of the membrane for the cell
What do a lot of protiens require a cell membrane to do?
They require the cell membrane to function properly hence if there isn’t enough it cannot carry out all the functions it’s supposed to
What is required for the complexity of proteins
Proteins are not just made by ribosomes. For the complexity required within the proteome, there needs to be a mechanism in place that supports the production and movement of proteins all over the cell.
Structures which are needed include the Endoplasmic Reticulum, The Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes and Vesicles
What is the Endoplasmic recticulum?
A structure which forms a network of membrane tubules that extends from the nuclear membrane
What is the Endoplasmic recticulum primary function?
To help with the complex levels of protein folding
What is the Golgi apparatus?
It is a series of flattened membrane disks that aid in the transport of molecules in and out of the cell (like a post office)`
What are Lysosomes?
They are membrane-bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolases that digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates
Where are Lysosomes very common? And give an example
In cells that are part of the immune response such as phagocytes
What are Vesicles?
Vesicles transport materials between different membrane compartments
What does the cytoplasm contain?
A cytoskeleton that helps keep its shape
What type of proteins carry vesicles and lysosomes to specific points?
Motor proteins
