EBM

Question 1

Primary prevention

Answer 1

Prevention of initial development of disease (immunization, smoking cessation)

Question 2

Secondary prevention

Answer 2

Early detection in pre-clinical phase to slow progression or prevent complications (screening)

Question 3

Tertiary prevention

Answer 3

Reducing impact of disease or comorbidities (diabetic foot checks, stroke rehab)

Question 4

Normal stage in history of disease

Answer 4

No disease present

Question 5

Preclinical phase in history of disease

Answer 5

Time from onset of disease to when symptoms first appear

Question 6

Clinical phase in history of disease

Answer 6

Time when symptoms first appear through course of disease (including dx and tx)

Question 7

Mortality rate

Answer 7

of deaths d/t specific cause in a given population size per unit time

Question 8

Case-fatality rate

Answer 8

of people who die from a disease / # of people who have that disease

Question 9

5-year survival

Answer 9

Survival rate at 5 years

Question 10

Median survival

Answer 10

Time at which 50% are surviving from a given disease

Question 11

Lead time bias

Answer 11

Occurs when screening finds a cancer earlier than that cancer would have been diagnosed solely d/t symptoms BUT the earlier diagnosis does nothing to change course of disease

Question 12

Length bias

Answer 12

Refers to the fact that screening is more likely to pick up slower growing, less aggressive cancers, which can exist in the body longer than fast-growing cancers before symptoms develop

Question 13

Overdiagnosis bias

Answer 13

Extreme example of length bias in which a slow growing cancer found by screening never would have caused them harm or required treatment