Lecture 16

Question 1

What are the two general systems in animals (mating)?

Answer 1

• In the first one, males are uninvolved. Here, females attend to mate genetic quality and male pre-copulatory gifts.
• In the second one, males are involved. Here, females attend to male genetic quality and the male ability to assist in the rearing of the child.

Question 2

What is serial monogamy?

Answer 2

Exclusive sexual and romantic relationships which may be terminated and serialized. You will have one partner and only show-off one partner.

Question 3

What is extreme monogamy?

Answer 3

Extremely rare. Betrothal before reproductive age. No serialization. You know who you are with before you could initiate a relationship on your own.

Question 4

What is polygyny?

Answer 4

One male has exclusive sexual access to more than one female.

Question 5

What is polyandry?

Answer 5

One female has exclusive sexual partnerships with multiple males (very rare).

Question 6

When are there more polygynist culture than monogamy (animals)?

Answer 6

When the size difference between men and female was big.

Question 7

What is concealed ovulation?

Answer 7

We have concealed the visual aspect for women to show if they’re ready to get pregnant or not. Concealed ovulation changes the minimum time spent that men can impregnant their women.

Question 8

What is the relation between tipping lapdancers and being fertile?

Answer 8

One study showed that men tipped female lap-dancers much more when they are fertile.

Question 9

What are males jealous of?

Answer 9

Males are more concerned about sexual infidelity – because of paternity uncertainty. Males are not confident that they are the father of that child in the same way as women know that they are the mother.

Question 10

What are females jealous of?

Answer 10

Females are more concerned than males about emotional infidelity because they’re afraid of loss of co-parent.

Question 11

How do males and females try to preserve their pair-bonds?

Answer 11

• People in relationships tend to ignore or devalue outside options.
• Individuals more committed to current partners more likely to derogate potential alternative partners on range of characteristics.
• Regulating yourself. Keeping your eyes on the price!

Question 12

What is “display of resources”?

Answer 12

The use of display of resources is a way to try to preserve partners interest used by men. Males do this more when partners are young and attractive.

Question 13

When is appearance enhancement used?

Answer 13

Females are more likely to engage in this than men. This engagement varies with characteristics of the potential partner.

Question 14

What is sociosexual orientation?

Answer 14

It accesses differences in the degree to one will have sex outside of a committed relationship. Restricted versus unrestricted.

Question 15

How much of sociosexuality is heritable?

Answer 15

Maybe around 50 % for both men and women.

Question 16

Which Big Five traits do unrestricted people tend to be lower in?

Answer 16

Agreeableness, conscientiousness and maybe neuroticism.

Question 17

Is the environmental influence unique or shared?

Answer 17

Unique. Aspects that are different within a family is the unique environmental influence.

Question 18

Are males more or less restricted than females in sociosexual orientation?

Answer 18

• Males have a less restricted sociosexual orientation than females. This is showed in the study where random people ask a random person if they want to go on a date, come to their place, or go to bed with them?

Question 19

Which males are more likely to participate in unrestricted mating?

Answer 19

Males who are physically attractive are more likely to participate in unrestricted mating. Also predictive are mates with high value. Other predictors include high self-perceived ability to attract mates and high circulating testosterone.

Question 20

If there are fewer men around, there are less…

Answer 20

committed relationships.

Question 21

What will the dating norm reflect when they’re fewer women than men around?

Answer 21

The women’s preferences (restricted mating).

Question 22

Which women pursue unrestricted orientation?

Answer 22

Unrestricted sociosexual orientation most commonly pursued by those who grew up with cues to environmental uncertainty/stress. “Men in my particularly context can’t be trusted or relied on”.

Question 23

When are females more likely to engage in unrestricted relationships?

Answer 23

When there are few males per female.

Question 24

Which three distinct emotion systems are mating behavior guided by?

Answer 24

Lust, attraction and attachment.

Question 25

When do people feel less positively for their current partner?

Answer 25

After being exposed to attractive alternative partners.

Question 26

What are the two ways people in relationships buffer from the lure of attractive alternatives?

Answer 26

They tend to perceive attractive opposite sex individuals as less appealing, and they simply don’t pay attention to the opposite sex.

Question 27

When are men most likely to divorce their woman?

Answer 27

When wives have engaged in sexual infidelities.

Question 28

What is the “estrus”?

Answer 28

A phase scientist thought where women were fertile and willing to sexual intercourse. But now scientists have found out that women do not possess a discrete, finite phase of classic estrus but are sexually proceptive and receptive across the cycle.

Question 29

Does women’s sexual interests change across the cycle?

Answer 29

Yes, just prior to ovulation.

Question 30

When women’s conception risk increases…

Answer 30

their preference for the scent of symmetrical men increases.

Question 31

Which men do women prefer for short-term mating when fertile?

Answer 31

Masculine and symmetrical men.

Question 32

What happens to the women’s vocal pitch when fertile?

Answer 32

It increases.

Question 33

How do women tend to dress when fertile?

Answer 33

More sexy and provocative ways.

Question 34

What is the parental investment theory?

Answer 34

The sex that invests less in offspring is intrasexually more competitive, especially over gaining reproductive access to the opposite sex – more likely to have more partners.

Question 35

What are pluralistic theories?

Answer 35

They talk about what men and women find attractive and why in long- and short-term mating. They also think that humans can benefit from shifting between long-term and short-term mating strategies through life.

Question 36

What are the two parts of sexual strategies theory?

Answer 36

Long-term mating and short-term mating.

Question 37

What is the operational sex ratio?

Answer 37

The relative balance of marriage-age men versus marriage-age women in the local mating pool.

Considered high when more men than women.

Question 38

What are Stenberg’s three components of love?

Answer 38

Passion, intimacy, and decision/commitment.

Question 39

What are men and women’s view in intelligence in a partner?

Answer 39

o Both men and women want someone of at least average intelligence, if going on one date together.
o If married, both sexes want someone above average in intelligence.
o Men are willing to have sex with a woman who don’t meet their minimum standards for a date.

Question 40

True or false: Men would rather have sex with a stranger than go on a date with her?

Answer 40

TRUE, weird but true haha.

Question 41

Are testosterone linked to sexual desire for both men and women?

Answer 41

Yes.

Question 42

Who are more likely to get married to someone whom they have no romantic relationship with - Americans, Japanese or Indian people?

Answer 42

Indian people.

Question 43

How many times more likely are men than women to kill over jealousy?

Answer 43

Four times.

Question 44

What will a woman get most jealous over - sexual intercourse or a new emotional commitment?

Answer 44

A new emotional commitment.

Question 45

Are gay men more interested in physical appearance or social status in a partner?

Answer 45

Physical appearance.