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Neuroanatomy > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord In Adults extending from _____ to ______

A

C1 to L1 (Lower Border)

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2
Q

Spinal cord In Newborn extending from _____ to ______

When it comes to adult level

A

C1 to L3 (UpperBorder)

After 2 years it comes to Lower Border of L1

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3
Q

Lower Triandular end of Spinal Cord

A

Conus medullaris

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4
Q

What is Filum terminale

A

It is modification of Piamater from
L1 → First Coccygeal vertebra

Ligamentum Denticulatum is also a modification of Piamater

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5
Q

Arachnoid mater and Subarachnoid space ends at

A

Lower border of S2

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6
Q

Lumbar puncture can be done at the level of

A

L3 - L4

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7
Q

Cranial dura is 2 Layered where as Spinal Dura is __________

It Converges at the level of __________ vertebra and continues upto __________

A

Spinal Dura is Single layered

Converge at S2 → upto Coccyx

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8
Q

Enlargements in the Spinal cord

A

Cervical Enlargement and

Lumbar Enlargement

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9
Q

Level of Cervical Enlargement

A

From C3 → T2 { brachial plexus}

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10
Q

Level of Lumbar Enlargement

A

From L1 → S3 {lumbar plexus}

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11
Q

Level of Maximum enlargement

A

38mm ~ at C6 Segment of Spinal cord

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12
Q

Tooth like Projections on either side of spinal cord is ________

Each side how many projections are seen?

A

Ligamentum denticulatum

On each side 21 Projections are seen

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13
Q

Ligamentum denticulatum is present between ______ and _______ Roots.

A

Ventral and Dorsal Root

It is an important landmark during the Neurosurgery

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14
Q

Nuclei in Anterior horn of Spinal cord

A

Lateral Nucleus

Intermediate Nucleus

Medial Nucleus

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15
Q

Lateral Nucleus of Anterior Horn of spinal cord innervates

A

Limb Muscles

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16
Q

Intermediate nucleus of anterior horn of spinal cord innervates

A
  1. Diaphragm ~ Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)
  2. Spinal part of Accessory Nerve (C1-C5)

Is not present throughout the spinal cord

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17
Q

Nuclei of Intermediate Horn of Spinal Cord

A

IntermedioMedial nucleus ~ Parasympathetic outflow (S2-S4)

IntermedioLateral Nucleus ~ Sympathetic outflow (T1-L2)

Are not present throughout the spinal cord

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18
Q

Nuclei of Posterior horn of spinal cord

A
  1. Substantia gelatinosa
  2. Nucleus proprius
  3. Clarke’s column / Nucleus dorsalis
  4. Visceral afferent
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19
Q

Nucleus for Spinothalamic Tract

A

Nucleus gelatinosa

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20
Q

From BODY ~ Pain, Temperature, Crude touch, Pressure

Carried by which tract?

A

Spinothalamic tract

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21
Q

From FACE ~ Pain, Temperature, Crude touch, Pressure

Carried by

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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22
Q

Substantia gelatinosa continues above as

A

Spinal nucleus of Trigeminal

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23
Q

Nucleus proprius receives which tract

A

Dorsal column tract

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24
Q

Clarke’s column or Nucleus dorsalis receives

A

Spinocerebellar tract

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25
Q

Visceral afferent receives

A

Afferent from the viscera

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26
Q

LMN is formed by

A

Ant. Horn + Ventral Root + Spinal nerve arising from it

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27
Q

How Cortex is controlling the Facial nucleus on both sides

A

Upper part of Nucleus ~ by Ipsilateral Cortex

Both Part of Nucleus ~ by Contralateral Cortex

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28
Q

Upper Part of Facial Nucleus innervates which part of face

A

Upper part of Face

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29
Q

Lower Part of Facial Nucleus innervates which part of face

A

Lower part of Face

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30
Q

Lower Part of Facial Nucleus is controlled by

A

By Contralateral cortex

31
Q

Which part of Facial Nerve Nucleus get Fibres from both cortex

A

Upper part of Facial nucleus

32
Q

Left UMN Palsy of Facial Nerve

A

Right / Contralateral ~ only lower half of the face affected

33
Q

Right LMN palsy of Facial Nerve (Bell’s Palsy)

A

Right / Ipsilateral ~ entire half of the face is affected

34
Q

Collection of axons in CNS with same origin, course, termination and function is called

A

Tracts

35
Q

List Pyramidal tracts

A
  1. Corticospinal Tract

2. Corticonuclear Tract

36
Q

Function of Pyramidal tract

A

Its for Gross movements

37
Q

List Extra pyramidal tracts

And their Functions

A
  1. Rubrospinal tract
  2. Vestibulospinal tract
  3. Tectodpinal tract

Modify the tone and posture of movement

38
Q

Origin and function of Rubrospinal tract

A

Red nucleus in Midbrain → Spinal cord

Facilitates ~ Flexors and

Inhibits ~ Extensors

39
Q

Function of Vestibulospinal Tract

A

Facilitates ~ Extensors

Inhibits ~ Flexors

40
Q

Origin and Function of Tectospinal tract

A

From Tectum of midbrain → Spinal cord

It is for reflex movement of Head-Neck and Eyeball in relation to Visual stimulus

41
Q

Feature of Lesion to ExtraPyramidal tracts →

A

Tremors

42
Q

Feature of Lesion to Pyramidal tracts →

A

Hemiplegia

43
Q

Pain and Temperature are carried by ___________ Tract

A

Lateral Spinothalamic Tract

44
Q

Crude touch and Pressure are carried by ___________ Tract

A

Anterior Spinothalamic Tract

45
Q

Fine touch, Proprioception, 2-Point Discrimination, Vibration and Stereognosis are carried by ___________ Tract

A

Dorsal column tract

46
Q

Unconscious proprioception is carried by ________ tract

A

Spinocerebellar Tract

47
Q

In the Spinal cord (location)
Ant. Spinocerebellar Tract and

Post. Spinocerebellar Tract

A

Lateral white column of spinal cord

Anterolaterally~ ant. spinocerebellar

Posterolaterally~ post. spinocerebellar

48
Q

Spinothalamic tract

1st Order Neuron~

2nd Order Neuron~

3rd Order Neuron~

A

1st Order Neuron ~ Dorsal root ganglion

2nd Order Neuron~ Substantia gelatinosa

3rd Order Neuron~ VPL nucleus of thalamus

49
Q

Lemniscus formed by Spinothalamic tract

A

Spinal Lemniscus in Brain Stem

50
Q

Lesion of Spinothalamic tract in Brainstem or Spinal cord

A

Contralateral Loss of ;

Pain
Temperature
Crude touch
Pressure

51
Q

Internal Arcuate Fibres are formed by

A

Crossing of fibres from
Gracilis and Cuneate Nuclei

Internal arcuate fibres ascend in brainstem as MEDIAL LEMNISCUS

52
Q

Lemniscus formed by Internal Arcuate Fibres

A

Medial Lemniscus

53
Q

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Tract

1st Order Neuron~

2nd Order Neuron~

3rd Order Neuron~

A

1st Order Neuron~ Dorsal Root Ganglion

2nd Order Neuron~ Nuclei Gracile and Cuneate

3rd Order Neuron~ VPL nucleus of Thalamus

54
Q

Lesion of Medial Lemniscus in the Brainstem

A

Contralateral Loss of;

Fine touch, 
Proprioception, 
2-Point Discrimination, 
Vibration
Stereognosis
55
Q

Lesion of Dorsal Column in the Spinal cord

A

Ipsilateral loss of;

Fine touch, 
Proprioception, 
2-Point Discrimination, 
Vibration
Stereognosis
56
Q

Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract Pathway

1st Order ~

2nd Order~

Forms __________ white column,
On _________ side

Forms post. spinocerebellar tract

Enters cerebellum through ____________

A

1st Order ~ DRG

2nd Order~ N. dorsalis / Clarke’s column

Forms Posterolateral white column,
On Same side

Forms post. spinocerebellar tract

Enters cerebellum through INFERIOR Cerebellar Peduncule

57
Q

All ascending tracts decussate except

A

Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

58
Q

1st Crossing of Corticospinal Tract occurs at

And in turn forms

A

80-85% Fibres cross at Lower End of Medulla

Forms Lateral Corticospinal Tract and Descending down in the Lateral White Column

59
Q

Uncrossed fibres from the Medulla descend as

A

Anterior Corticospinal Tract in the Anterior white column

Even this uncrossed Fibres will cross in the spinal cord at the level of termination

60
Q

Lesion in Corticospinal Tract above Medulla Decussation results in

A

Contralateral Hemiplegia

61
Q

Lesion in Corticospinal Tract at the level of Spinal Cord results in

A

Ipsilateral Hemiplegia

62
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery is a branch of

A

Vertebral Artery

63
Q

Posterior Spinal Arteries are branch of

A

PICA / Vertebral artery

64
Q

Segmental artery arise from {in Cranio-Caudal Sequence}

A

They are branches of;

  1. Vertebral artery
  2. Deep Cervical Artery
  3. Intercostal Artery
  4. Lumbar Artery
65
Q

Anastomosis of Segmental arteries with long vessels (Ant. and Post. Spinal arteris) forms

A

Pial Plexus

66
Q

Branches of Segmental Artery

A

Anterior/Ventral Radicular Artery

Posterior/Dorsal Radicular Artery

67
Q

Anterior Radiculomedullary Arteries are formed by

A

By anastomosis of Ant. Spinal Artery with Ascending and Descending branches of Ant. Radicular Artery

68
Q

Branches of Ant. Radicular Artery + Anterior Spinal Artery forms

A

Anterior Radiculomedullary Arteries

69
Q

Largest Anterior Radiculomedullary Artery

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz

70
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz arise from

A
  1. Post. Intercostal artery of 9, 10, 11 spaces
  2. Subcostal artery T12
  3. Lumbar artery L1, L2
71
Q

Tabes Dorsalis is due to

Which Tract affected?

Clinical Features?

A

Is due to Syphilis

Dorsal column is affected

Loss of Conscious Proprioception → Loss of Position Sense

Can maintain Position by Visual input

72
Q

Loss of Visual input in patient of Tabes dorsalis leads to

A

Loss of position sense and Tends to Fall

Is called Romberg Sign

73
Q

Hemisection of Spinal Cord seen in

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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