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Head and Neck > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

What are acute causes of headaches?

A

Haemorrhage

  • SAH
  • Subdural

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Acute glaucoma

Increased ICP

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2
Q

What are chronic causes of headaches?

A 
Migraine
Cluster headaches
Drugs 
Tension headache 
Trigeminal neuralgia
Increased ICP
Giant cell arteritis
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3
Q

What is a primary headache?

A

Headache due to the headache condition itself

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4
Q

What are examples of a primary headache?

A

Migraine
Tension
Cluster

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5
Q

What is a secondary headache?

A

Headache that is present due to another condition

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6
Q

What are examples of a secondary headache?

A

Meningitis
Sinusitis
SAH
Medication overuse

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7
Q

What is a pneumonic for red flag symptoms of headaches?

A

SNOOP

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8
Q

What are red flag symptoms of headaches?

A 
Systemic signs 
Neurological symptoms
Onset - new or changed in patient >50 
Onset - thunderclap
Papilledema
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9
Q

What are clinical features of a space occupying lesion?

A

Pain on one side
Gradual onset
Progessive symptoms
Change in vision

Features of raised ICP

  • early morning headache
  • N+V
  • worse on coughing
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10
Q

What is the epidemiology of migraines?

A

F>M

Younger patients

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11
Q

What is the site of a migraine?

A

Unilateral

Often frontal

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12
Q

What is the quality of a migraine?

A

Throbbing/pulsating

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13
Q

What is the intensity of a migraine?

A

Moderate

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14
Q

What is the timing of a migraine?

A

Sudden or progressive onset

Last between 4-72 hours

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15
Q

What makes migraines worse?

A

Light - photophobia

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16
Q

What makes migraines better?

A

Sleep

Pain relief

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17
Q

What are associated symptoms with a migraine?

A

+/- aura
N+V
Photophobia

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18
Q

What can trigger a migraine?

A

Lack of sleep
Stress
Types of food

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19
Q

What is the epidemiology of tension headaches?

A

Most common type of headache
F>M
Young>old

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20
Q

What is the site of a tension headache?

A

Bilateral

Frontal

21
Q

What is the quality of a tension headache?

A

Squeezing, non-pulsatile

22
Q

What is the intensity of a tension headache?

A

Mild-moderate

23
Q

What is the timing of a tension headache?

A

Worse at the end of the day

24
Q

What can make a tension headache worse?

A

Stress
Poor posture
Lack of sleep

25
Q

What can make a tension headache better?

A

OTC pain relief

26
Q

What are associated symptoms with a tension headache?

A

Mild nausea

27
Q

What is the epidemiology of medication overuse headache?

A

30-40 years old

F>M

28
Q

How is a medication overuse headache defined?

A

Headache on at least 15 days per month - not improved by OTC medication

29
Q

What medications can bring on a medication overuse headache?

A

> 3 months

  • triptans
  • opioids
  • paracetamol
  • aspirin
  • NSAIDs
30
Q

How are medication overuse headaches managed?

A

Discontination of medication

31
Q

How long does it take to resolve a medication overuse headache?

A

2 months

32
Q

What advice do you give to patients with a medication overuse headache?

A

Gets worse before it gets better

33
Q

What is the epidemiology of cluster headaches?

A

M>F

20-40 years old

34
Q

What the site of a cluster headache?

A

Around/behind one eye

35
Q

What is the quality of a cluster headache?

A

Sharp

Penetrating

36
Q

What is the intensity of a cluster headache?

A

Very severe

37
Q

What is the timing of a cluster headache?

A

Rapid onset

Attacks = 15 mins - 3hours (1-2x day)

Clusters last 2-12 weeks

38
Q

What are associated symptoms of a cluster headache?

A

Red watery eye

Nasal congestion

39
Q

What can trigger a cluster headache?

A 
Alcohol 
Histamine 
GTN 
Heat 
Exercise 
Lack of sleep
40
Q

What is the epidemiology of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

50-60 years old

F>M

41
Q

What is the main cause of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Compression of CNV by loop of artery or vein

42
Q

What is the site of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Unilateral

Often over the eye

43
Q

What is the quality of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Stabbing
Sharp
‘Electric shock’

44
Q

What is the intensity of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Severe

45
Q

What is the timing of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Sudden onset

Lasts few seconds - 2 mins

46
Q

What can make trigeminal neuralgia worse?

A

Light touch to face
Eating
Cold wind
Vibrations

47
Q

Where can trigeminal neuralgia radiate?

A

Eyes
Lips
Nose
Scalp

48
Q

What symptoms can precede the pain in trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Numbness

Tingling

Head and Neck (20 decks)

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