7 Oxidation, reduction and redox reactions Flashcards
what is oxidation
process of electron loss
what are oxidisaing agents
electron acceptors so they gain electrons
what is reduction
process of electron gain
what are reducing agents
electron donors so they lose electrons
what does OILRIG stand for
Oxidation Is the Loss of electrons Reduction Is the Gain of electrons
what does electron donors do
donate electrons
what do electron acceptors do
accept electrons
what is oxidation in terms of oxygen and hydrogen
addition of oxygen
loss of hydrogen
what is reduction in terms of oxygen and hydrogen
loss of oxygen
addition of hydrogen
what are spectator ions
ions that dont undergo any change to their oxidation number
what are the rules for assigning oxidation states
uncombined elements have oxidation state of 0
the sum of all oxidation states in a compound is 0 since all compounds are electrically nutreal
elements just bonded to identical atoms like O2 and H2 have oxidation state of 0
the oxidation state of a simple ion like Na+ is the same as its charge
in compound ions,the overall oxidation state is just the charge
hydrogen = +1 (except in metal hydrides eg.NaH where it is -1)
group 1 = always +1
group2 = always +2
group3 = 3+
group 5 = 3-
group6 = 2-
group7 = 1-
Aluminium = always +3
oxygen = -2 (except in peroxides where it is -1, and the compound OF2 where it is +2)
fluorine= always -1
chlorine= -1 (except with fluorine and oxygen where it has positive values)
what is an oxidation number
the charge on an atom if it were a simple ion
what is the oxidation state of N in NH3
hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1 ,make N your x
(x) +(+1 x 3)=0
x+3=0
x= -3
what is the oxidation state of Fe IN FeO
x +(-2)=0
x=2+
what is the oxidation state of V in V2O5
2x+(-10)=0
2x=10
x= 5+
