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Ophthamology > Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid? (superficial to deep)

A 
Skin/subcutaneous tissue
Orbicularis oculi
Tarsal plates
Levator apparatus 
Conjunctiva
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2
Q

What are the sweat glands in the eyelids called?

A

Ciliary glands of Moll

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3
Q

What are the sebaceous glands in the eyelids called?

A

Glands of Zeis

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4
Q

What are the muscles that open the eyelids?

A

Levator palpebrae

Muller’s muscle

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5
Q

What muscle closes the eyelid?

A

Orbicularis orbis

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Palpebral
Lacrimal
Orbital

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7
Q

What are the attachments of orbicularis oculi?

A

Origin

  • medial margin
  • medial palpebral ligament
  • lacrimal bone

Insertion

  • skin around margin of orbit
  • superior tarsal plate
  • inferior tarsal plate
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8
Q

What is the action of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Gently closes the eyelids

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9
Q

What is the action of the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Involved in the drainage of tears

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10
Q

What is the action of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Tightly closes the eyelids

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11
Q

What are the tarsal plates?

A

Dense connective tissue that acts as scaffolding of the eyelid

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12
Q

What glands are found in the tarsal plates?

A

Meibomian glands

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13
Q

What is the function of Meibomian?

A

Prevents evaporation of tear film

Prevents eyelids sticking together

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14
Q

What is an external stye?

A

Infection of a hair follicle

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15
Q

What is an internal stye?

A

Infection of a Meibomian gland

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16
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Painless granuloma of the Meibomian glands

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17
Q

What muscles are found in the levator apparatus?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

Superior tarsal muscle

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18
Q

What is the superior tarsal muscle also known as?

A

Muller’s muscle

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19
Q

What are the attachements of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Origin
- lesser wing of sphenoid

Insertion

  • upper eyelid
  • superior tarsal plate
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20
Q

What is the action of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Opens the eye lid

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21
Q

What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CNIII - oculomotor

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the orbicularis orbis?

A

CNVII - facial (temporal + zygomatic branches)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Origin
- underside of levator palpebrae superioris

Insertion
- superior tarsal plate

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24
Q

What is the action of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Opens eyelid

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion

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26
Q

What is the deepest part of the eyelid?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

27
Q

What is the reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva on the eyeball called?

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

28
Q

What are the lacrimal glands?

A

Serous exocrine glands that secrete lacrimal fluid onto the surface of the conjunctiva and cornea

29
Q

What is the function of lacrimal fluid?

A

Clean, nourish + lubricate eyes

Excess = tears

30
Q

Where is lacrimal fluid produced?

A

Lacrimal gland

31
Q

Where are lacrimal glands located?

A

Superolateral aspect of orbit - in the lacrimal fossa

32
Q

Where does the lacrimal gland drain into?

A

Superior conjunctival fornix - spreads fluid over eyes by blinking

33
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

A

System responsible for drainage of lacrimal fluid from the orbit

34
Q

Where does lacrimal fluid drain from eye?

A

Medial aspect of eye - via superior + inferior punctum -> canaliculi -> lacrimal sac

35
Q

Where is the lacrimal sac located?

A

Groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla

36
Q

Where does the lacrimal sac drain?

A

Via nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus of nasal cavity

37
Q

What is the valve connecting the lacrimal duct to the inferior meatus called?

A

Valve of Hasner

38
Q

What are the main layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Inner layer

39
Q

What makes up the fibrous layer?

A

Sclera + cornea

40
Q

What is the function of the fibrous layer?

A

Provide shape to eye

Support deeper structures

41
Q

Where does the sclera lie?

A

Most of the eye

42
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Point of attachment to the extraocular muscles

43
Q

Where does the cornea le?

A

Centrally at the front of the eye

44
Q

What makes the cornea clear?

A

Water pump

45
Q

What makes up the vascular layer?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

46
Q

What is the iris?

A

Circular structure - coloured part

Hole in the centre = pupil

47
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Ciliary muscle + ciliary processes

48
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

A

Control shape of lens

Produce aqueous humour

49
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Layer of connective tissue + blood vessels

50
Q

What makes up the inner layer?

A

Retina

51
Q

What are the layers of the retina?

A

Pigmented layer

Neural layer

52
Q

What is the pigmented layer?

A

Outer layer - single layer of cells

Supports the choroid in absorbing light

53
Q

What is the neural layer?

A

Inner layer - consists of photoreceptor cells

Found posteriorly + laterally

54
Q

What is found at the centre of the retina?

A

Macula

55
Q

What is found in the macula?

A

Fovea

56
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Area of high concentration light detecting cells - area responsible for high visual acuity

57
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Area the optic nerve enters the retina

58
Q

Where does the retina start?

A

Ora serrata

59
Q

Where does the lens lie?

A

Between the vitreous humour and the pupil

60
Q

Where does the anterior chamber lie?

A

Between the cornea + iris

61
Q

Where does the posterior chamber lie?

A

Between iris and ciliary processes

62
Q

What fills the posterior and anterior chambers?

A

Aqueous humour

63
Q

How is aqueous humour drained?

A

Via trabecular meshwork (in the iridocorneal angle) -> schlem’s canal -> venous system

Ophthamology (25 decks)

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