CH4 Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Question 1

The _______ is comprised of the heart and blood vessels.

The function of the cardiovascular system is to supply ______ via the blood to all areas of the body.

This is accomplished through the contraction of the _____ and actions of the blood vessels.

Answer 1

cardiovascular system; oxygen; heart

Question 2

As the demand for oxygen increases, the heart and blood vessels compensate.

Cardiac force and rate of contraction ______ to pump larger volumes under higher pressure.

Blood vessels contract or dilate to direct blood flow to the areas requiring more _____.

Answer 2

increase; oxygen

Question 3

The cardiovascular system fails when the heart and/or blood vessels fail to provide ____ oxygen to meet the demand.

The heart may not contract sufficiently or pump efficiently.

Blood vessels may become _____ .

When a person has congestive heart failure they have _____ organ failure

Answer 3

sufficient; blocked; all

Question 4

Cardiovascular disease refers to disease of the heart and blood vessels that result in this failure. List four symptoms of failure.

Answer 4

1. ) Hypertension
2. ) Coronary Artery Disease
3. ) Cardiac Arrhythmia
4. ) Congestive Heart Failure

Question 5

With dental treatment, we must weigh the benefits of therapy against the risk of medical complications.

Patients with ______ disease are at higher risk for medical complications due to the nature of the disease and medications used in treatment.

Patients with periodontal disease may be at higher risk for _______ events.

Answer 5

cardiovascular; thromboembolic

Question 6

With dental treatment, we must weigh the potential stress induced by the therapy against the patient’s ability to withstand it.

Patients with cardiovascular disease have reduced functional reserve and are less able to respond to _____ situations, including _______.

Answer 6

stressful; dental treatment

Question 7

With local anesthesia, the benefits of using epinephrine must be weighed against the associated cardiovascular risk.

In patients with cardiovascular disease, we must weigh the adverse effects of an absorbed dose of ______ against the adverse effects of elevated ____ anesthetic blood levels.

Answer 7

epinephrine; local

Question 8

With anti-thromboembolic agents, the benefits of continuation of therapy must be weighed against the associated risk of bleeding.

In patients with thromboembolic disorders, we must weigh the adverse effects of continuing therapy during ____ procedures against the adverse effects of temporarily _____ therapy.

Answer 8

surgical; discontinuing

Question 9

Flashcard for this??

Question 10

_____ is the number one cause of death.

Answer 10

Cardiovascular disease

Question 11

Hypertension is a condition where the ______ of blood being pumped to through the cardiovascular system exceeds the capacity of the system.

It may be due to a failure in fluid volume homeostasis in the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system; it may be exacerbated by ____ stimulation.

Answer 11

volume; SANS

Question 12

You give ____ for congestive heart failure

Answer 12

digoxen

Question 13

The _____ of pharmacologic treatment of _______ are reduced plasma volume, blood vessel dilation, the restoration of RAAS fulid homesostatis and the reduction of SANS- induced cardiac output.

Answer 13

goals; hypertension

Question 14

During the pharmacolgic treatment of hypertension, the drugs employed are diuretics, __________, Alpha-1 Blockers,

_____, Angiotensin II Blockers, Beta-1 Blockers, and clonidine

Answer 14

Calcium Channel Blockers, ACE inhibitors

Question 15

__________:

 Reduce weight

 Limit alcohol consumption
 Increase aerobic physical activity

 Restrict sodium intake
 Stop smoking

Answer 15

Non-Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension

Question 16

What is Pulmonary Hypertension?

Question 17

When you take diuretics your body pushes _____ into your bladder in order to get rid of water.

Answer 17

sodium

Question 18

______ is required for nerve conduction and muscle contraction

Answer 18

Potassium

Question 19

_____ is one of the first adverse affects from taking a diuretics.

Answer 19

Xerostomia

Question 20

What drug is often associated with gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 20

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 21

• The sarcoplasmic reticulum, make the smooth muscle relax around this,
• Calcium channel blockers work on smooth muscle and cardio muscle but not _____ muscle

Question 22

Your _____ makes cholesteral for use in your muscle. If you use your_____ more your cholesterol will go down.

????

Answer 22

liver; muscles

Question 23

_____ , the “good cholesterol,” scoops up cholesterol before it gets dumped into the vascular system. These lipoproteins transfer cholesterol from peripheal cells to the liver to be metabolized and excreted.

Answer 23

HDL’s

High density lipoproteins

Question 24

Calcium channel blockers work on ___ muscles.

Answer 24

heart (aka arythmia)

Question 25

Arythmia and angina are _____ treatment plans

Answer 25

different

Question 26

Question 27

Question 28

______ are drugs that can be taken to shrink the prostate?

Answer 28

Alpha-1 blockers

Question 29

________ and Alpha-1 Blockers are drugs that are used to dilate blood vessels.

Answer 29

Calcium channel blockers

Question 30

What type of drug, taken to treat hypertension, works to restore rentin angiotension homeostasis but can cause dry cough?

Answer 30

RAAS Antihypertensive Agents

Question 31

_____ is a normal clotting mechanism which prevents blood loss when the integrity of a blood vessel is disrupted.

On the other hand, _____ is an overactive clotting mechanism which produces clots (thrombi) within undamaged vessels.

________produce stroke, MI, death; whereas _____ produce deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.

Answer 31

Coagulation; hypercoagulation

Arterial thrombi; venous thrombi

Question 32

Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine), prasugrel (Effient), and ticagrelor (Brilinta) are all ________.

Answer 32

Oral Antiplatelet Agents

Question 33

Dental considerations
–Drug interactions with liver enzyme inducers and inhibitors (Plavix and Brilinta)

–Increased risk of bleeding may be exacerbated by other drugs used in dentistry

• NSAIA’s
• Antibiotics

–No contraindication for dental treatment

Answer 33

I don’t know what to do with this card

Question 34

_________ (warfarin) inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

It is used in the treatment of and prevention of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and thromboembolism due to ______, prosthesis, or a recent MI.

Answer 34

Coumadin; atrial fibrilation

Question 35

What is an oral anticoagulant agent patient care consideration? And how is it assessed?

A value of ___ is “normal” but a value of <___ is needed for dental treatment

An INR test should be done immediately before oral treatment

Answer 35

Increased risk of bleeding ;International Normalized Ratio

Question 36

Coumadin toxicity can be reversed with _______.

Answer 36

Vitamin K