Immunology

Question 1

what are the innate immune defences in the eye

Answer 1

blink reflex, physical properties and limited) exposure (small size)

Question 2

what is the blink reflexed used for

Answer 2

flushing things out of the eye

Question 3

what immunological properties do tears contain

Answer 3

lysosomes, IgA and IgG

Question 4

how does the mucous layer of the eye help protect it

Answer 4

its is anti-adhesive

Question 5

what 7 chemical immunological properties are found on the eye surfaces

Answer 5

lysozymes, lactoferrin and transferrin, tear lipids, angiogenin, IgA, complement, IL6 and IL8

Question 6

what are lysozymes affective against

Answer 6

gram -ive and fungi (destroy cell wall)

Question 7

what are tear lipids affective against

Answer 7

antibacterial to cell membranes

Question 8

what immune cells are present in the eyes themselves

Answer 8

neutrophils, macrophages and conjunctival mast cells

Question 9

where is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage

Answer 9

conjunctiva

Question 10

what are the main APCs for external eye

Answer 10

langerhans

Question 11

what effector cells are present in the adaptive immune response of the eye

Answer 11

CD4+T, CD8+T and B cells

Question 12

what type of lymphoid tissue is in the conjunctiva

Answer 12

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 13

describe the environment and cells present in the cornea and sclera (5)

Answer 13

avascular, tough collagen coat, no lymphoid, langerhans in periphery, down-regulated immune environment

Question 14

what immunoglobulin is present in the lacrimal gland and conjunctiva

Answer 14

IgA

Question 15

where is the blood ocular barrier

Answer 15

vitreous, choroid and retina

Question 16

what is immune privilege and what are some sites in the body where it is active

Answer 16

tolerate antigens without inflam response - brain/ CNS/ testes/ placenta / EYES

Question 17

what sites in the eye have immune privilege

Answer 17

cornea, ant chamber, lens, vitreous cavity, subretinal space

Question 18

what is the anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID)

Answer 18

active mechanisms that down-regulate immune response eg inhibition of type IV hypersensitivity and non-complement antibodies

Question 19

name some autoimmune conditions of the eye (5)

Answer 19

uveoretinitis / dalen fuchs nodule / keratoconjunctivits sicca / retinal autoantibodies / sympathetic ophthalmia

Question 20

what is sympathetic ophthalmia

Answer 20

rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis from trauma/ surgery to ONE eye

Question 21

what process causes sympathetic ophthalmia

Answer 21

secondary autoimmune to ocular antigens which illicits sympathetic response in uninjured eye

Question 22

describe type 1 hypersensitivity and a condition it causes in the eye

Answer 22

immediate hypersensitivity - mast cells + B cells –> IgE - acute allergic conjunctivitis

Question 23

describe type 2 hypersensitivity and a condition it causes in the eye

Answer 23

direct cell killing - antibody mediated and complement - ocular cicatricial pemphigoid

Question 24

describe type 3 hypersensitivity and a condition it causes in the eye

Answer 24

immune complex mediated - autoimmune corneal melting

Question 25

describe type 4 hypersensitivity and a condition it causes in the eye

Answer 25

T helper cells - interferons, interleukins, TNF etc - corneal graft rejection