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8Ne Year 8 Science > 8D Organisms > Flashcards

8D Organisms Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What causes us to breathe in and out?

A

The brain controls movements in the chest.

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2
Q

Describe what occurs to the diaphragm during inhalation.

A

Contracts and flattens

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3
Q

Describe what occurs to the diaphragm during exhalation.

A

Relaxes and moves up

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4
Q

Describe what happens to pressure in the chest cavity during inhalation.

A

Pressure decreases

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5
Q

Describe what happens to pressure in the chest cavity during exhalation.

A

Pressure increases

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6
Q

What does the bell jar model represent?

A

The breathing system of an animal

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7
Q

Identify what the rubber sheet represents in the bell jar model.

A

The diaphragm

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8
Q

Describe what happens to the balloon in the bell jar model when the rubber sheet is stretched.

A

The balloon inflates

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9
Q

Define the term vital capacity/ lung volume.

A

The amount of air you can breathe out in a single breath

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10
Q

Name 2 ways of measuring lung volume

A

Blowing air into an upturned basin of water and Lung volume bags

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11
Q

Define the term independent variable.

A

The variable that we change.

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12
Q

Identify the students’ dependent variable in their investigation.

A

The vital capacity

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13
Q

What are the control variables in the student’s investigation?

A

Same age of pupils, same type of lung volume bags.

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14
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An idea of the outcome of an experiment

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15
Q

Describe the trend shown in investigation 2.

A

As height increases lung volume increased

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16
Q

Identify the height and lung capacity of the smallest adult male from investigation 2.

A

110cm height 1 litre lung capacity

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17
Q

Define the term vital capacity/ lung volume.

A

The amount of air you can breathe out in a single breath

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18
Q

Name 2 ways of measuring lung volume

A

Blowing air into an upturned basin of water and Lung volume bags

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19
Q

Define the term independent variable.

A

The variable that we change.

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20
Q

Identify the students’ dependent variable in their investigation.

A

The vital capacity

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21
Q

What are the control variables in the student’s investigation?

A

Same age of pupils, same type of lung volume bags.

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22
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An idea of the outcome of an experiment

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23
Q

Describe the trend shown in investigation 2.

A

As height increases lung volume increased

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24
Q

Identify the height and lung capacity of the smallest adult male from investigation 2.

A

110cm height 1 litre lung capacity

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25
Name the gas that animals require for respiration.
Oxygen
26
Name the waste gas produced by respiration.
Carbon dioxide
27
Where does respiration take place?
In body cells
28
How do gases move through the alveoli and capillary walls?
Diffusion
29
Why are the alveoli moist?
To dissolve the gases
30
Why do the alveoli have a bumpy surface?
To increase the surface area
31
Define respiration.
A chemical reaction that takes place in body cells.
32
Define breathing.
The physical process of getting gases into and out of the body.
33
Describe 1 effect of regular exercise on our bodies.
Lung volume increases, intercostal muscles strengthen, number and size of blood capillaries increase.
34
What can cause asthma?
Inheritance, being born prematurely or being exposed to smoke as a young child.
35
Name 3 chemicals found in cigarettes.
Tar, Nicotine, carbon monoxide.
36
What are cilia?
Tiny hairs in bronchioles.
37
What causes a ‘smoker’s cough’?
When the cilia et stuck together by tar, so dirt enters the lungs.
38
Why might someone need a lung transplant?
If they have severe lung damage.
39
Define the term non-communicable disease.
Can not be passed from person to person.
40
Give an example of a communicable disease.
Can be passed from person to person.
41
Define the term bias.
Promoting a certain viewpoint
42
Which disease is strongly associated with smoking cigarettes?
Lung cancer
43
Why is it dangerous for a pregnant woman to smoke?
It can affect the foetus
44
What is second hand smoke?
Breathing in smoke from someone else who is smoking
45
Why did it take so long for scientists theories about smoking to be recognised?
Smoking was so common
46
Name the 2 types of carbohydrates.
Starches and sugars
47
Which food groups gives us energy?
Carbohydrates and lipids
48
What is the function of protein in our diet?
Growth and repair of cells and tissue
49
Why do we need energy in our bodies?
For movement and life processes
50
What types of food contain a lot of vitamins and minerals?
Fresh fruit and vegetables
51
What is the importance of vitamin C in our diet?
Repair of the skin
52
Why is fibre important?
Keeps the large intestine working correctly
53
What is energy measured in?
Kilojoules (kJ) or Calories (kcal)
54
What does the term BMI stand for?
Body mass index
55
How is our BMI calculated?
Measuring the height and weight of an individual.
56
Name 2 physical problems that obesity can cause.
Pain in the joints, heart disease, high blood pressure and difficulties breathing.
57
Name 2 physical problems that starvation can cause.
Severe weight loss, muscle loss, dry skin and hair, infertility and fatigue.
58
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?
Vitamin C
59
What is the function of vitamin D?
Helps calcium absorb into bones and strengthens them
60
What is iron used for in the body?
To make red blood cells.
61
How can scurvy be treated?
Eating foods containing vitamin C.
62
What is starch digested in to?
Glucose
63
What is respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases energy from food.
64
Where does the process of digestion start?
The mouth
65
Where does digested food get absorbed into the blood?
The small intestine
66
Give the name of the special chemical in saliva.
Enzymes
67
What is the function of stomach acid?
To destroy any microorganisms that reach the stomach.
68
What is emulsification?
Lipids being broken down.
69
What is the function of the large intestine?
To absorb excess water into the blood
70
What are the two main components to digestion?
Chemical and physical
71
What is the function of enzymes?
To break down different types of food
72
Which enzymes digest proteins?
Protease
73
What is the function of lipase?
To break down lipids
74
What are lipids broken down into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
75
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down starch?
Amylase
76
What does the term denature mean?
The enzymes change shape
77
What is the active site in an enzyme?
The area where the food molecule fits in to
78
Name the four different types of teeth humans have.
Molars, Premolars, Incisors and Canines.
79
What is the function of saliva?
Lubricates food and contains enzymes.
80
How does food get from the mouth to the stomach?
The oesophagus.
81
Which substances are produced by the stomach?
Stomach acid.
82
What is the function of the pancreas?
Secretes enzymes.
83
What is bile?
An alkaline substance that emulsifies fats
84
How does food get from the small intestine into the blood?
Diffuses through the walls of the small intestine.
85
What gives the small intestine a large surface area?
Villi and micro-villi

8Ne Year 8 Science (10 decks)

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