8E: Fresh & Saltwater Systems Flashcards
Most of earth’s freshwater can be found _______.
In glaciers and ice
All the water on earth can be generally categorized as ______.
Freshwater or saltwater.
What are some of the ways we can assess water quality>
WATER QUALITY INDICATORS:
- Potable/Contaminated
- Salinity(salt concentration)
- Taste Odour
- pH(acidity level)
- Toxic substances(mercury, lead, etc)
- Bacteria
- Hardness/Mineral Content
- Dissolved Oxygen % (Animals who breathe underwater require this)
- Solids/Dissolved Solids(minerals, waste, sewage, microorganisms, bacteria, etc).
- Clearness/Cloudiness/Transparency/Turbidity
- How organisms who ingest it are affected
Explain the following diagram.
4 Stages of the Water Cycle
- Bodies of water such as lakes/ponds evaporate into the sky turning into water vapor.
- Water vapor condenses in the clouds and turns into water droplets or ice crystals.
- Precipitation falls down to earth as water particles become too heavy.
- Water is collected via runoff, water can only travel downhill with gravity.
Water on earth can exist in three forms. What are they?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is meant by the term “potable water source”
Potable means that the water is safe to drink or to use for food preparation, without risk of health problems.
Explain the distribution of water on earth.
97% is saltwater
3% is freshwater
- 0.0009% is in the atmosphere
- 2.3% is trapped in ice
- 0.67% is groundwater
- 0.03% is in rivers, lakes and wetlands
Explain what hard water is.
As water flows, it causes erosion of the soils and rocks it comes in contact with.
This means that salts and minerals can be found in the water. Many areas of Canada have hard water. Hard water contains a large concentration of dissolved minerals.
What are some of the negatives of hard water?
- Hard water leaves mineral deposits in appliances and pipes.
- The presence of minerals in water reduces the lather that you get from soap.
Water can contain organisms and organic matter. A number of these organisms can cause serious health problems, even death.
What are some common parasites/types of bacteria found in water?
Amoeba, E. coli, Poliovirus, Hepatitis A, etc.
Explain how distillation is used to turn salt water into freshwater.
Distilled water is water that has had many of its impurities removed through distillation. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container.
Most of the bottled water that you
purchase is produced via reverse osmosis. What is reverse osmosis?
Is a process by which a solvent passes through a porous membrane in the direction opposite of regular osmosis when subjected to a increase in pressure.
What is the difference betwen waves and tides?
- Tides are formed because of the interaction of the gravitational forces between the Earth, the moon, and the sun. They are the regular change in sea level throughout the day.
- Waves are formed because of the gusting or raging force exerted by the wind on the water surface.
What is erosion?
Erosion is the process by which the surface of the Earth gets worn down. Erosion can be caused by natural elements such as wind and glacial ice. But anyone who has ever seen a picture of the Grand Canyon knows that nothing beats the slow steady movement of water when it comes to changing the Earth.
What is deposition?
The accumulation or laying down of matter by a natural process, as the laying down of sediments in a river.
