9-1

Question 1

Every physiological process depends on movement

Answer 1

1. Changes in Cell shape
2. Call motility
3. Intracellular Transport
4. Muscle Dependent Locomotion

Question 2

Intracellular Elements Govern Movement

Answer 2

CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENT: actin/intermediate filaments and microtubules

MOTOR PROTEIN ELEMENT: how object moves within cells vacuoles/ vesicles/ neurotransmitters moving from where it produces to membrane by synapse

Question 3

Diversity of movement is possible by:

Answer 3

arrangement of elements

Question 4

Most common way that cells can use cytoskeleton elements to move

Answer 4

ROADWAY

motor protein acts like trucks carrying cargo over the complex cytoskeletal networks

cells mediate traffic by controlling (specificity)

• where the roads go
• who rides the road
• what cargo carried

Question 5

Second way that cells can use cytoskeleton elements to move

Answer 5

ACTIVE REORGANIZATIONS OF THE CYTOSKELETAL NETWORK

-cytoskeletal fibers act like bulldozers pushing cellular contents forward (amoeboid movement)
[destroys and rebuilds to move from 1 local to another]

-regulated controlling rate and direction of growth of cytoskeletal fibers
[increasing and decreasing rate of creation/destruction]

Question 6

Third way that cells can use cytoskeleton elements to move

Answer 6

MOTOR PROTEINS PULL IN CYTOSKELETAL ROPE

cells organize the cytoskeleton in a way that regulates tugging action into movement

cells regulate this movement by controlling the activity of the motor proteins (changing cell shape and movement)

Question 7

There are 3 classes of cytoskeletal elements. Class is based on:

Answer 7

Their diameter