9-11 Test Flashcards by Ceanne E

Why couldn’t Papa New Guinea become developed?

Had the same potential as developing into an MDC like the Europeans. But they could only domesticate a pig, which couldn’t increase crop production. The people were also isolated in the highlands, so they had very little connection with other civilizations

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Rostow Model

All countries go through a series of stages of development as their economies grow

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Rostow Model Stage 1

The traditional society
Agriculture economy of subsistence farming
Poor labor

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Rostow Model stage 2

Pre-Conditions for Take Off

Agriculture becomes more mechanized and more output is traded

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Rostow Model stage 3

Take Off
Manufacturing industry becomes more important, but # of industries remains small
Technology breakthrough occurs

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Rostow Model stage 4

Drive to Maturity
Industry becomes more diverse
Technology continues to improve

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Rostow Model stage 5

Drive to mass consumption
Output levels grow
Consumers have disposable income, beyond all basic needs
Shift towards tertiary sector activity

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Von Thunen Model

Shows the agricultural land use

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Von Thunen Model ring 1

Village/Central City

Farmers market/market and dairy-perishable products

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Von Thunen Model ring 2

Labor-Intensive Farming and Dairying

Vegetables, dairying, market gardens

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Von Thunen Model ring 3

Manages forest
Christmas trees
Paper

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Von Thunen Model ring 4

Labor extensive field crops
Various crops and grains
Needs lots of land

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Von Thunen Model ring 5

Grazing
Ranching, animal products
Livestock ranching
Lot of land and land is cheap
Gradin

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Von Thunen Model outer outer ring

Wilderness

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Von Thunen Model includes

Distance from the city
Fragility of food
Amount of space

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Highest HDI

Norway

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Productivity

Value of product compared to amount of labor needed

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Value Added

Gross value of product costs of raw materials and energy

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How did technological improvements diffuse in LDCs?

From urban to rural areas in LDC

Weber Model of Industrial Location

Assumes that industries choose a least cost location for the development of new industry

Dependency Theory

LDCs have higher ratio than MDCs of people under 15 and over 64 compared to those in the work force

HDI includes

Income
Literacy
Education
Life expectancy

Agricultural Revolution

Started to domesticate plants and animals

2nd Agricultural Revolution

Promoted by industrial revolution

Started using technology, fertilizers and pesticides, size of farms inc.

3rd Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)

Introduction of genetically engineering crops and GMOs | Yield increased

4th Agricultural Revolution

Urban agriculture: food production into city, growing indoors Engineering environment instead of the crops

Agribusiness

In MDCs | Big companies sign contracts w/ commercial farmers

Tigers

Hong Kong China Taiwan

HDI measures

Decent standard of living Long and healthy life Access to knowledge

Decent standard of living

Gross National Income (GNI) | Value of output of goods and services produced in a country annually, including money that leaves and enters the country

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Similar to GNI, except it doesn't count for the money entering and leaving the country

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

Cost of living adjustment made to the GNI

Agglomeration

Clustering of an Industry | Ex: Portland Starbucks

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Ability of women to improve status | % of seats held by women in the national legislature

Primary Sector

Resource based

Secondary Sector

Manufacturing-based activities

Tertiary Sector

Service-based activities

Quaternary Sector

Knowledge based activities

Quinary Sector

Intellectually based macro level activities

Desertification

Process of which things become a desert

Sanel

Transition zone between rainforest and desert Sahara | Ex: chad, Sudan

Specialized Industries

Single market manufacturers

Break of Bulk Points

Points where portions of cargo are unloaded and redistributed for redirection

Factors of Production

Land Labor Capital

Industrial Revolution

Started in UK, late 1800s Changed everything, improved everything Women started working

3 Categories of Costs - Weber

Transportation (most important cost): best site is where cost to transport raw material and finished product is lowest Labor (high labor costs reduces profit): location where supply is cheap [when one goes up, other goes down] Agglomeration: clustering of industry