(9)

Question 1

an organism that is able to make all of its organic molecules using CO2 as the source of carbon; require the least “assistance” from the environment to grow

Answer 1

autotrophs

Question 2

an organism that requires carbon in the form of organic molecules

Answer 2

heterotrophs

Question 3

describes a microorganism with strict physiological requirements; difficult or impossible to grow unless specific conditions are provided; an organism that relies heavily on the environment to supply ready-made organic compounds

Answer 3

fastidious

Question 4

a growth medium in which the amount and/or identity of at least one ingredient is unknown; extracts from plant or animal sources

Answer 4

undefined media

Question 5

the amount and identity of every ingredient is known

Answer 5

defined media

Question 6

What 4 classes of compounds make-up microbes?

Answer 6

(1) Proteins; (2) carbohydrates; (3) Lipids; (4) Nucleic acids

Question 7

Microorganism that requires oxygen to survive and grow

Answer 7

obligate aerobe

Question 8

microorganism that requires oxygen for growth

Answer 8

aerobic

Question 9

Designation of an organism based on its ability to grow in the presence of oxygen

Answer 9

aerotolerance

Question 10

A microorganism that requires oxygen at less than atmospheric concentration

Answer 10

microaerophile

Question 11

Microorganism capable of both fermentation and respiration; grows in the presence or absence of oxygen

Answer 11

facultative anaerobes

Question 12

microorganism that cannot tolerate oxygen

Answer 12

anaerobic

Question 13

Microorganism for which oxygen is lethal; requires the complete absence of oxygen

Answer 13

obligate anaerobes

Question 14

microaerophile that requires elevated CO2 levels

Answer 14

capnophile

Question 15

a plastic jar in which to create anaerobic, microaerophilic, or CO2 enriched conditions depending on the specific needs of the bacteria being cultivated

Answer 15

GasPak Anerobic system

Question 16

Describe the growth pattern of an anaerobic microbe in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 16

Removal of oxygen produces anaerobic

Presence of oxygen produces aerobic

Question 17

What can be used to grow these organisms in the lab?

Answer 17

GasPack Anaerobic System

Question 18

Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for an organism

Answer 18

cardinal temperatures

Question 19

the temperatures below which the organism will not survive

Answer 19

minimum temperature

Question 20

the temperatures above which the organism will not survive

Answer 20

maximum temperature

Question 21

the temperature at which an organism shows the greatest growth over time – its highest growth rate

Answer 21

optimal temperature

Question 22

organisms that grow only below 20 degrees Celsius, with an optimum around 15 degrees Celsius

Answer 22

psychrophiles

Question 23

A microorganism that grows optimally at temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius but will grow at temperatures as low as 0 degrees Celsius and as high as 35 degrees Celsius; adapted to cold habitats that fluctuate

Answer 23

psychrotrophs

Question 24

Bacteria adapted to temperatures between 15C and 45C

Answer 24

mesophiles

Question 25

A microorganism that grows best at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius

Answer 25

thermophiles

Question 26

Microorganism that grows only at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius

Answer 26

obligate thermophiles

Question 27

Microorganism that prefers temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius but will grow in lower temperatures

Answer 27

facultative thermophiles

Question 28

Organism that grows best at temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius; 65C to 110C

Answer 28

extreme thermophiles

Question 29

Describe the classification of organisms based on temperature requirements.

Answer 29

``` Psychrophiles: 15C Psychrotrophs: 20C and 30C Mesophiles: 15C and 45C Thermophiles: 40C Extreme thermophiles: above 80C ```

Question 30

organism adapted to a habitat below pH 5.5

Answer 30

acidophiles

Question 31

organism adapted to a habitat between pH 5.5 and 8.5

Answer 31

neutrophiles

Question 32

organism adapted to a habitat above pH 8.5

Answer 32

alkaliphiles

Question 33

What pH is considered acidic? Basic? Neutral?

Answer 33

Acidic- 0-6 Basic- 8-14 Neutral- 7

Question 34

What is the formula for determining pH?

Answer 34

pH = -log[H+]

Question 35

Describe the classification of organisms based on pH requirements.

Answer 35

Acidophiles- below pH 5.5 Neutrophiles: between 5.5 and 8.5 Alkaliphiles: above pH 8.5