9- Abnormal And Normal Binocular Vision

Question 1

What is normal binocular vision?

Answer 1

Both eyes used simultaneously for both retinal images of a target contribute to the final perception

Question 2

Binocular vision requires the working together of what 2 systems?

Answer 2

Motor and sensory

Question 3

What is the sensorimotor unit of the eye?

Answer 3

Light hits the retina, producing chemical and physical changes at the photoreceptors, impulses are transmitted to the CNA and we become aware of visual stimulation

Question 4

What can affect sensory processing?

Answer 4

Any condition that prevents the integrator of the images from the 2 eyes

Ex. Amblyopia, uncorrected refractive error, eccentric fixation, disease

Question 5

What is the motor process involved in?

Answer 5

Properly aligning the eyes at different distances and in difference gazes

Question 6

T/F abnormalities n the sensory processing affects the motor?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is included in teh spectrum of motor abnormalities

Answer 7

Disease
Deviations
Nystagmus
Vergence anomalies

Question 8

Voluntary eye movements

Answer 8

You willed the eye movement

Question 9

Involuntary eye movement

Answer 9

Occurs without awareness

Question 10

What is a saccadic movement?

Answer 10

When the image over quickly across the retina with no apparent movement

Question 11

What is the action of a muscle due to?

Answer 11

Direction of its pull around the axes

Question 12

Primary action of a muscle is

Answer 12

It’s major effect on teh position of the eye when the muscle contracts while the head is in primary position

Question 13

Secondary and tertiary actions of a muscle are

Answer 13

Additional effect a muscle has on the position of the eye

Question 14

The eye can move about ____ degrees but after ____ degrees the head turns

Answer 14

50, 20

Question 15

Tangential point

Answer 15

Point at the cente of the muscle or tenon that first touches the globe

Question 16

Arc of contact

Answer 16

Formed between the tangential point and the center of insertion of the muscle on the sclera

(Changes in length as the muscle contracts)

Question 17

Muscle plane

Answer 17

Direction of pull of the muscle and determines the axis the muscle will move around

Question 18

Visual axis passes from ____ to ___

Answer 18

Fovea to point of fixation

Question 19

T/F the visual axis of both eyes intersect at fixation?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The globe rotates on this axes

Answer 20

Axes of Fick

Question 21

The X axis has this movement

Answer 21

Vertical (up and down)

Question 22

The y axis makes this movement

Answer 22

Torsional rotations like a wheel

Question 23

The z axis does this movement

Answer 23

Horizontal (left and right)

Question 24

What are 4 rectus muscles

Answer 24

Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral

Question 25

What are the 2 oblique muscles

Answer 25

Superior | Inferior

Question 26

What is the imaginary line that joins the rectus muscles

Answer 26

Spiral of tillaux

Question 27

What is the spiral of tillaux important for?

Answer 27

Surgery

Question 28

The medial rectus is this far from the limbus

Answer 28

5.5 mm

Question 29

The superior rectus is this far from the limbus

Answer 29

7.7 mm

Question 30

The lateral rectus is this far from the limbus

Answer 30

6.9 mm

Question 31

The inferior rectus is this far from the limbus

Answer 31

6.5 mm

Question 32

All rectus muscels arise from this

Answer 32

Annulus of Zinn

Question 33

Medial rectus allows this motion

Answer 33

Moves eye to nose | ADDucts

Question 34

MR is innervated by this

Answer 34

CN3

Question 35

LR allows this movement

Answer 35

Moves eye away from nose | ABDucts

Question 36

LR is innervated by

Answer 36

CN6

Question 37

The medial and lateral walls of the eye are at what angle to each other?

Answer 37

45 degrees

Question 38

The orbital axis is what angle of the medial and lateral walls

Answer 38

23 degrees

Question 39

Where does the orbital axis run from

Answer 39

The apex to the opening of the orbit

Question 40

N primary gaze with the angle of the orbital axis

Answer 40

23 degrees

Question 41

What is the primary action of the SR

Answer 41

Elevate eye

Question 42

What is the secondary action of the SR

Answer 42

Intortion

Question 43

What is the tertiary action of the SR

Answer 43

ADDuction

Question 44

SR is innervated by

Answer 44

CN3

Question 45

The SR forms this angle with the visual axis

Answer 45

23 degrees

Question 46

When the glob is abducted 23 degrees the SR is only a(n) _______

Answer 46

Elevator

Question 47

When the glob is adducted 67 degrees the SR has only this action

Answer 47

Intortor

Question 48

The primary action of the IR is

Answer 48

Move eye down

Question 49

The secondary action of the IR is

Answer 49

Extortion

Question 50

IR is innervated by

Answer 50

CN3

Question 51

The IR forms this angle with the visual axis

Answer 51

23 degrees

Question 52

When the globe is abducted 23 degrees the IR acts only as a

Answer 52

Depressor

Question 53

When the globe is adducted 67 degrees the IR is only a

Answer 53

Extortor

Question 54

The 2 oblique muscles insert behind the equator at this angle with the visual axis

Answer 54

51 degrees

Question 55

What is the primary action of the SO

Answer 55

Intortion

Question 56

What is the secondary action of the SO

Answer 56

Depression

Question 57

What is the tertiary action of the SO

Answer 57

Abduction

Question 58

SO is innervated by

Answer 58

CN 4

Question 59

The SO passes through this

Answer 59

Trochlea

Question 60

The primary action of the IO is

Answer 60

Extortion

Question 61

The secondary action of the IO is

Answer 61

Elevation

Question 62

The tertiary action of the IO is

Answer 62

Abduction

Question 63

IO is innervated by

Answer 63

CN 3

Question 64

The IO forms this angle with the visual axis

Answer 64

51 degrees