9 - Dominance and Power Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Power

A
  • A person’s ability to control or influence others to do what a person wants and a person’s ability to resist influence
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2
Q

Define: Agency

A
  • A unique, empowering quality of experience in which person masters the surrounding environment, including social interaction and relationships
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3
Q

Define: Dominance

A
  • Expression of power to gain/maintain influence over another
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4
Q

Define: Dyadic power theory

A
  • Most dominance in equal power positions; struggle for control
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5
Q

Define: Social influence

A
  • Changing thoughts, emotions, behaviours - not necessarily with dominance
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6
Q

Define: Relative power

A
  • Power in relation to others
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7
Q

Define: Power as perception

A
  • No power if not recognised
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8
Q

Define: Power as relational concept

A
  • Most romantic relationships have a power imbalance
  • Equal relationships are happiest
  • Balance of power often dynamic
  • Females bare the mental load eg. “you should have asked”
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9
Q

Define: Power as resource-based

A
  • The scarcity hypothesis: more power when the resources they posses are hard to come by
  • Money
  • More equal income
  • Beyond financial: communication skills, physical attractiveness, parenting, humour and social support
  • Sex: a woman’s prerogative?
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10
Q

Define: Power as having less to lose

A
  • People who are dependant on their partner have more to lose
  • Quality of alternatives (if you break up, what will happen?
  • Principle of least interest = I am really interested in my boyfriend but he could live without me
  • Emotional involvement
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11
Q

Define: Power as enabling or disabling

A
  • Power can protect and maintain
  • Power can be emotionally insensitive (ignoring feelings, treating others as objects)
  • chilling effect (less powerful person often hesitates to communicate grievances)
  • demand-withdrawal pattern (less powerful person is more demanding)
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12
Q

Define: Power as prerogative

A
  • Partner with more power can make and break decisions

- Can violate norms without as much cost

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13
Q

Define: Compliance-gaining strategies

A
  1. Direct requests
  2. Bargaining
  3. Aversive stimulation:
    - Sulking, whining, crying
  4. Ingratiation:
    - Using excessive kindness and compliments to be liked
    - Effective even if insincere
  5. Hinting (indirect)
  6. Moral appeals
  7. Manipulation
  8. Deception
  9. Withdrawal
  10. Distributive communication
    - Blame, bully and insult
  11. Threats
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14
Q

Define: Non-verbal positions of power

A
  1. Physical appearance
  2. Spatial behaviour/proxemics
  3. Eye behaviour/oculesics
  4. Body movements/kinesics
  5. Touch/haptics
  6. Voice
  7. Time/chronemics
  8. Artefacts
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15
Q

Define: Power and influence in Parent-Child relationships

A
  1. Authoritarian = dictator
    - Obedience and status
    - Control through shaming and withdrawal
    - Don’t give explanations for rules
  2. Permissive =
    - Undemanding, responsive and reluctant to enforce standards of conduct
  3. Authoritative = mentor
    - Demanding and directive but also responsive
  4. Separation and individuation
    - Transition distancing from parents
    - Teen years; power struggle
    - Re-negotiation of power rules and boundaries of privacy
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16
Q

Define: Power in marriage

A

Traditional marriages

  • based on male dominance
  • coupled with clearly specialised roles

Egalitarian marriages

  • Joint decision making
  • Shared responsibilities