9: Gas Exchange Flashcards
(10 cards)
Identify and explain features of the alveoli that assist its function
Elastic fibres- enable it to stretch and recoil;
Collagen- provided strength and prevents the alveoli from bursting ;
Good blood supply- maintains the conc gradient of O2 and CO2 btw the alveoli and blood
What organ drives the process of inhalation and exhalation
The diaphragm
Function of cartilage
Provides strength to withstand pressure changes in airways;
Provides flexibility so airways don’t break during movement
Function of the goblet cells and cilia
The goblet cells produce mucus;
Mucus traps pathogens and dust;
Cilia wafts mucus up the airways to the throat;
Mucus is swallowed and digested
Effect of overproduction of goblet cells
Increased mucus production;
Impacts the effectiveness of the cilia leading to a build up of mucus in the lungs;
More pathogens trapped in lungs;
Increased number of lung infections;
Symptoms such as coughing, fatigue and shortness of breath;
Because airways are blocked
Describe the process of gas exchange
Oxygen diffuses into the blood system while CO2 diffuses from the blood to the alveolus;
Both diffuse down a concentration gradient;
Across the alveolar wall and the capillary wall
Effect of damaged ciliated epithelial tissue
Cilia are unable to waft mucus that contains pathogens so it remains in the trachea;
Leading to increased respiratory infections
How are alveoli adapted to maximize gas exchange efficiency
Large surface area which increases the rate of diffusion;
Thin walls which reduces the diffusion distance;
Good blood supply maintains a concentration gradient
Factors that make TB a difficult disease to control
It is easily transmitted in areas with overcrowded living conditions;
People with HIV are more susceptible to TB;
Not enough education;
Treatment is long term resulting in people not finishing the course of treatment;
Drug resistance;
Diagnosis is difficult as it can remain dormant
