9. GAS EXCHANGE AND SMOKING Flashcards
1
Q
Effects of nicotine
A
- addictive drug that influences reward centres in the brain. stimulates nerve endings in the brain to release dopamine which is associated with reinforcing pleasureable experiences
- stimulates the nervous system to narrow the diameter of arterioles
- stimulates the nervous system to release adrenaline from the adrenal glands
- heart rate and blood pressure increase
- blood flow to the extremities of the body decreases
- increases risk of blood clotting
- irritates and inflames arteries
2
Q
Effects of carbon monoxide
A
- binds irreversibly to haemoglobin forming carboxyhaemoglobin
- less oxygen is supplied to heart muscles, putting strain on it
- damages the lining of arteries
3
Q
What is the effect of damage to the walls of arteries
A
- buildup of fatty tissue (thrombosis)
- reduction of blood flow
results in coronary heart disease and stroke
4
Q
Cardiovascular diseases
A
coronary heart disease
stroke
