9. Peadiatrics

Question 1

What is the order of tooth eruption in the PRIMARY dentition?

Answer 1

A, B, D, C, E

Question 2

When do teeth first start to erupt?

Answer 2

6 months

Question 3

When should all primary teeth have erupted by?

Answer 3

2.5 years

Question 4

What is the order of tooth eruption for the permanent dentition?

Answer 4

6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8

Question 5

When do the first adult teeth develop?

Answer 5

6 years

Question 6

When should all adult teeth have erupted by?

Answer 6

13 years

Question 7

What are the 4 preventative measures?

Answer 7

Toothburshing with fluoride toothpaste
Diet advice
Topical fluoride
Fissure sealants

Question 8

List the AMMOUNT OF toothpaste that should be used:

Answer 8

Smear - under 3’s
Pea - over 3’s

Question 9

What STRENGTH of toothpaste should be used?

Answer 9

1000-1500ppm - standard risk
1350-1500ppm - increased risk

Question 10

List the 7 key messages for diet advice:

Answer 10

1. Limit sugar intake to mealtimes
2. Drink water or milk only
3. Snack on low sugar foods
4. No eating or drinking after brushing
5. Be aware of hidden sugars in food
6. Never place sugary drinks in babies bottles
7. Be aware of acid content in fizzy drinks

Question 11

When and how often should topical fluoride be placed?

Answer 11

Sodium fluoride varnish (5%/22600ppm)
- for all children aged 2+
- at least 2x per year
- up to 4x per year

Question 12

List the 3 contraindications for topical fluoride placement:

Answer 12

Severe asthma
Severe allergies
Allergy to plasters

Question 13

What is the maximum that should be dispensed when applying fluoride?

Answer 13

0.25ml for 2-5 years
0.4ml for 5+ years

Question 14

What advice should be given after placing topical fluoride?

Answer 14

No eating or drinking for 30mins
Wait 4 hours before brushing

Question 15

What are the 2 types of fissure sealants?

Answer 15

Resin
GI

Question 16

How is a resin fissure sealants placed?

Answer 16

Dry, etch, place, cure

Question 17

How is a GI fissure sealants placed?

Answer 17

Dry, place,vaseline layer

Question 18

List 5 methods of caries management in children:

Answer 18

1. SDF
2. ART
3. Hall crowns
4. Direct restorations
5. Pulpotomy

Question 19

What does SDF do?

Answer 19

Prevents and arrests caries but stains everything black

Question 20

What is ART?

Answer 20

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment - involves selective caries removal with hand instruments and placement of a GI restoration

Question 21

What are hall crowns?

Answer 21

A method of sealing in caries under a preformed metal crown

Question 22

What is a pulpomtomy?

Answer 22

Removal of the coronal portion of the pulp

Question 23

How often should radiographs be taken in children?

Answer 23

Every 2 years - for normal risk
6-12 months - for increased risk

Question 24

What are 3 benefits of fluoride?

Answer 24

1. Inhibits demineralisation
2. Increases resistance to erosion
3. Inhibits bacteria

Question 25

What is the toxic dose of fluoride?

Answer 25

5mg per kg

Question 26

What are the signs of fluoride overdose?

Answer 26

Vomiting GI symptoms Dental fluorosis

Question 27

How would you manage a fluoride overdose?

Answer 27

Milk to reduce absorption Refer to A and E for assessment

Question 28

What are the 6 contraindications for pulpotomies?

Answer 28

Pre-cooperative child Multiple teeth requiring Tooth Exfoliating soon Root restoration Unrestoable tooth Infection present

Question 29

What is child protection?

Answer 29

Protecting children and young people who have been harmed or at risk of harm

Question 30

List 3 legislations that relate to child protection:

Answer 30

National guidance for child protection Scotland 2021 GIRFEC policy Children Scotland act 2020

Question 31

List 3 places you can go for guidance on child protection issues:

Answer 31

Child protection advice line Social services BDA website