9 - Toxicology Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Approach to Poisoned Patient (ABCD)
A
Airways
Breathing
Circulation
Dextrose (especially if diabetic, 50% regains consciousness)
2
Q
Approach to Poisoned Patient: Activated Charcoal prevents?
A
Toxin absorption
3
Q
Approach to Poisoned Patient: Gastric Lavage
A
Removal of toxin from GIT
4
Q
Approach to Poisoned Patient: Ionized diuresis
A
Facilitates excretion of toxin (Aspiring/Acidic drugs, give NaHCO3)
5
Q
Opioids (Morphine) Poisoning
A
Give Naloxone
6
Q
Benzos Poisoning
A
Give Flumazenil
7
Q
Acetaminophen Poisoning
A
Give acetylcysteine
8
Q
Fibrinolytics Poisoning
A
Give aminocaproic acid
9
Q
Digoxin Poisoning (3)
A
K+
Atropine
Digoxin antibodies
10
Q
Heparin Poisoning
A
Give Protamine sulfate
11
Q
Warfarin Poisoning
A
Give Vitamin K
12
Q
Methotrexate Poisoning
A
Give Leucovorin
13
Q
Cyclophosphamide Poisoning
A
Give MESNA
14
Q
Isoniazid Poisoning
A
Pyridoxine (B6)
15
Q
Cholinergic (insecticides) Poisoning
A
Atropine and PAM
16
Q
Anticholinergic Poisoning
A
Physostigmine
17
Q
Beta Blockers Poisoning
A
Glucagon
18
Q
Cyanide Poisoning (2)
A
Amyl nitrate + thiosulfate
Hydroxocobalamin
19
Q
Methemoglobinemia Poisoning
A
Methylene blue
20
Q
Methanol Poisoning
A
Ethanol
21
Q
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
A
Fomepizole
22
Q
Arsenic, Gold, Mercury Poisoning
A
Dimercaprol (BAL)
23
Q
Lead Poisoning (3)
A
CaEDTA
Dimercaprol
Succimer
24
Q
Cooper Poisoning (2)
A
Penicillamine
Trientine
25
Iron Poisoning
Deferoxamine
26
Chelator Pharmacology Defined
To prevent or reverse the toxic effects of a heavy metal
27
Chelator Pharmacology: Dimercaprol (IM) Use (3)
AKA BAL
Aresenic, Lead, Mercury
28
Chelator Pharmacology: Succimer Use (DMSA Oral)
Water soluble of BAL
Arsenic, Lead, Mercury
29
Chelator Pharmacology: Unithiol (DMPS, oral) Use (3)
Mercury
Arsenic
Bismuth
30
Chelator Pharmacology: Edetate Calcium Disodium Use (5)
Lead
Zinc
Manganese
Plutonium
Curium
31
Chelator Pharmacology: Penicillamine (Oral) Use (3)
Copper
Wilson disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
32
Chelator Pharmacology: Deferoxamine (IM/IV) Use (2)
Iron
Aluminum
33
Chelator Pharmacology: Deferasirox (Oral) (1)
Iron
34
Chelator Pharmacology: Prussion Blue (Oral) Use (2)
Radiactive cesium
Thallium
35
Lead primarily affects the (3)
Nervous System
GIT
Hematopoietic system
36
Lead Poisoning X-Ray Clinical Presentation (2)
Lead lines on Gingivae (Buton's Lines) and metaphyses
Lead lines metaphyses of long bones o x-ray
37
Acute Lead Poisoning Symptoms (3)
Tinnitus
Encephalopathy
Abdominal Colic
38
Chronic Lead Poisoning Symptoms (5)
Anemia (decrease heme)
Wrist drop
Proteinuria
Decrease fertility
Pica (leads to mental retardation)
39
Lead Poisoning in Children Rx
Succimer PO
40
Lead Poisoning in Adults Rx (3)
Dimercaprol
EDTA
Penicillamine
41
Arsenic is found in (3)
Pesticides
Wood preservatives
Ant Poisons
42
Acute Arsenic Poisoning Symptoms (3)
Rice watery stools
Garlic breath
Seizures
43
Chronic Arsenic Poisoning Symptoms (2)
Stocking glove neuropathy
Alopecia
44
Arsenic Poisoning Buzzword (3)
Dimercaprol
Unithiol
Succimer
45
Acute Iron Poisoning in Children Presentation (3)
Necrotizing Gastroenteritis
Hematemesis
Bloody diarrhea
46
Iron Poisoning Rx (2)
IV Deferoxamine
PO Deferasirox
47
Acute Mercury Poisoning Symptoms of Vapor (1) and Salt Ingestion (1)
Vapor - pneumonitis
Salt ingestion - bleeding renal failure
48
Chronic Mercury Poisoning (3)
Auditory and Visual Loss
Ataxia
Paresthesia
49
Mercury Poisoning Rx (3)
Succimer PO
Dimercaprol (IM)
Unithiol
50
Copper Poisoning Disease and Rx
Wilson's Disease
Rx: Penicillamine and Treintene
51
Substance Abuse: Opiates (Morphine, Heroin, Methadone) - Overdose (3)
Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory depression
Coma
52
Substance Abuse: Opiates (Morphine, Heroin, Methadone) Rx (1)
Naloxone
53
Substance Abuse: Opiates (Morphine, Heroin, Methadone) Withdrawal Symptoms (1)
Flu-like symptoms
54
Substance Abuse: Opiates (Morphine, Heroin, Methadone) Withdrawal Rx (2)
Cloniidine
Methadone
55
Substance Abuse: Amphetamine and Cocaine - Dopamine Receptors are located in
Nucleus accumbens
56
Substance Abuse: Amphetamine and Cocaine - Overdose Symptoms (3)
Euphoria
Hypervigilance
Paranoia
57
Substance Abuse: Amphetamine and Cocaine - Rx (2)
Haloperidol
Lorazepam
58
Substance Abuse: Amphetamine and Cocaine - Withdrawal Symptoms (3)
Dysphoric mood
Unpleasant dreams
Cocaine (crash)
59
Substance Abuse: Amphetamine and Cocaine - Withdrawal Rx (2)
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
60
Substance Abuse - Cocaine is a powerful inhibitor of?
Dopamine transporters (Causes dopamine to accumualte)
61
Substance Abuse: Cocaine produces what and reduces what?
Produces euphoria
Reduces fatigue
62
Substance Abuse: Barbs and Benzos Overdose (5)
Impaired judgment
Slurred speech
Uncoordination
Unsteady gait
Coma
63
Substance Abuse: Barbs and Benzos Overdose Rx
Flumazenil for Benzo
64
Substance Abuse: Barbs and Benzos Withdrawal (2)
Benzo - anxiety and rebound insomnia
Barb - life threatening seizures
65
Substance Abuse: Barbs and Benzos Overdose Rx
Sodium bicarbonate
66
Substance Abuse: Hallucinogens (LSD) Affect what receptors?
Serotonin receptors
67
Substance Abuse: Hallucinogens (LSD) Overdose Symptoms (4)
Idea of reference
Depersonalization
Illusions
Flashbacks
68
Substance Abuse: Hallucinogens (LSD) Rx (2)
Haloperidol
Diazepam
69
Substance Abuse: Hallucinogens (LSD) Withdrawal
None
70
Malignant Hyperthermia from what drugs (2)
Succinylchoine and volatile anesthetics
71
Malignant Hyperthermia Sxs (3) and Onset
Hyperthermia, hypertension, muscle rigidity
Onset within minutes
72
Malignant Hyperthermia Rx
Dantrolene
73
Serotonin Syndrome from what drugs? (6)
SSRI, MAOI, Linezolid
| Sumatriptan, St.John wort, Ginseng, LSD
74
Serotonin Syndrome Sxs (5) and Onset
Hyperthermia, hypertension, tremors, clonus, mydriasis, coma
Onset: Within hours
75
Serotonin Syndrome: Rx
Benzos
76
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome from what drugs? (1)
D2-blocking antipsychotics
77
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Sxs (3) and Onset
Hyperthermia, parkinsonism, hypertension
Onset and 1-3 days
78
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Rx (3)
Diphenydramine
Botulenum
Dantrolene
79
PCP MOA
Binds to glutamate receptors --> prolonged depolarization
80
PCP Overdose Sx (3)
Vertical nystagmus
Impulsiveness
Violent behaviora
81
PCP Rx (3)
Dark room
Talk down
Haloperidol
82
PCP Withdrawal
None
83
Cannabis MOA
Inhibits Gaba
84
Cannabis Overdose Sxs (3)
Slowed time
Impaired judgment
Amotivational syndrome
85
Cannabis Rx (2)
Abstinence
Support
86
Cannabis Withdrawal
None
87
Nicotine MOA
Activates dopamine receptors
88
Nicotine Overdose Sx (3)
Headache
Increased depression
Impotency
89
Nicotine Overdose Rx (4)
Nicotine patch
Fluoxetine
Wellbutrin
Varenicline
90
Nicotine Withdrawal (5)
Irritability
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Depressed mood
Decreased heart rate
91
Nicotine Withdrawal Rx (2)
Education
Wellbutrin
92
Caffeine MOA
Antagonist of adenosine receptors
93
Caffeine Overdose Sxs (3)
Restlessness
Agitation
Insomnia
94
Caffeine Withdrawal Sxs (3)
Headache
Drowsiness
Nausea
95
Caffeine Rx (2)
Analgesics
Lower caffeine intake
96
Inhalants Types (2) and MOA (1)
Glue and paint thinner
MOA: GABA receptors
97
Inhalants overdose Sxs (3)
Uncoordination
Lethargy
Unsteady gait
98
Inhalants Rx (2)
Education
Counselling
99
Inhalants withdrawal (1)
None
100
Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze) and Methanol: Rx
Fomepizole (alcohol DH inhibitory)
101
Cyanide Poisoning Does What? (2)
Inactivating cytochrome oxidase
Interferes ETC
102
Cyanide Poisoning Antidoes (3)
Hydroxocobalamin
Sodium thiosulfate and amyl nitrate
