9. UTI & Prostatitis MT2 Flashcards
(51 cards)
does this describe a bladder infection or kidney infection?
cystitis, or lower UTI
bladder infection
does this describe a bladder infection or kidney infection?
pylonephritis, or upper UTI
kidney infection
this is the presence of significant amounts of bacteria in the urine without accompanying signs/symptoms of infection
asymptomatic bacteriuria
this is a lower tract disease (cystitis) that presents with dysuria, frequency, urgency and suprapubic tenderness
uncomplicated UTI
this is a metabolic, functional or structural abnormality and may involve both lower and upper tracts. has increased rate of treatment failure. males. systemic symptoms may include fever, increased leukocytes and decreased BP
complicated UTI
this is a UTI occurring in patients who are currently catheterized or have been catheterized within the previous 48 hours
CAUTI
this is inflammation of the renal parenchyma, calcies, and pelvis particularly due to local bacterial infection
pyelonephritis
this is sepsis resulting from the infection of extravasated urine or obstruction of infected urine
urosepsis
this is one of the oldest practices in medicine; it detects abnormalities of multiple diseases. includes multiple tests such as specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, occult blood, leukocytes esterase, nitrate, urobilinogen, WBCs, RBCs, casts and bacteria
urinalysis
what is a urinalysis ‘technique’ to get a sample that is not contaminated
midstream catch - let some urine go and then get sample as the initial urine can contaminate the sample
what is seen in urinalysis for a UTI
- bacteriuria (bacteria in urine)
- hematuria (blood in urine)
- nitrites (presence of bacteria that convert nitrate to nitrite e.g. E.coli)
- pyuria (WBC’s in urine - may indicate inflammation including infection)
- WBC casts (indicate renal origin of leukocytes)
what do gram stains tell us regarding UTIs
- WBCs indicate whether or not there is an infection
- epithelial cells indicate whether or not the sample is contaminated
- tell us if for e.g. gram positive cocci, gram negative bacilli
what does culture & susceptibility test tell use regarding UTIs
- what bacteria are on the growth media
- biochemical tests are used for indentification
- what antibiotics bugs are susceptible to
these are members of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals and may be isolated from a variety of environmental sources (e.g. E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter); all are gram-negative bacilli
Coliforms
this is a larger group of gram-negative bacilli; includes: coliforms, proteus, salmonella, Morganella, etc.
enterobacteriaceae
a positive coagulase test differents S. aureus from this group. they are part of the normal flora of the skin. have a relatively low virulence but are often resistant to common antibiotics. includes S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus and S. hemolyticus
coagulase negative staphylococcus
true or false: fever, tachycardia and hypotension are seen in cystitis
false
true of false: increased peripheral blood WBCs in cystitis
false
true or false: WBC casts are present in cystitis
false
when are the only times asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated
- pregnancy
- before transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP procedure) and urological procedures where mucosal bleeding is anticipated
- bacteriuria persisting > 48 hours after catheter removal
what bacteria causes asymptotic bacteriuria
aerobic gram negative bacilli
what is used for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria
TMP/SMX DS P.O x 3 days
what bacteria causes asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
aerobic gram negative bacilli & coagulase-negative staph
what is used for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
amoxicillin, clay, cephalexin, fosfomycin (depending on trimester nitrofurantoin or TMP/SMX) x 3-7 days
