9: Viral hepatitis

Question 1

Name the five Hepatitis viruses.

Answer 1

A

B

C

D

E

Question 2

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

Answer 2

Faecal - oral

Question 3

Poor ___ and overcrowding predispose you to Hepatitis A infection.

Answer 3

hygiene

Question 4

Why are travellers targeted for vaccination against Hepatitis A?

Answer 4

Travel to countries with poor sanitation / overcrowding

Question 5

Hepatitis A infection presents as a(n) (acute/chronic) infection.

Answer 5

acute

Question 6

Is Hepatitis A ever a chronic infection?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Hepatitis A tends to be ___ in children and ___ in older children / young adults.

Answer 7

asymptomatic , symptomatic

Question 8

The presence of which antibody in the blood confirms Hepatitis A infection?

Answer 8

Hepatitis A IgM

Question 9

Which tropical virus presents like Hepatitis A but has become more common than it in the UK?

Answer 9

Hepatitis E

Question 10

Hepatitis E is thought to be transmitted from animals to humans by ___.

Answer 10

zoonosis

Question 11

Tropical Hepatitis E causes severe disease in ___ women.

Answer 11

pregnant

Question 12

Which virus is only found in association with Hepatitis B infection?

Answer 12

Hepatitis D

Question 13

Hepatitis D exacerbates Hepatitis _ infection.

Answer 13

B

Question 14

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

Answer 14

Sex

Infected mother to child

Blood

Question 15

Who is at risk of Hepatitis B infection?

Answer 15

PWID

People with multiple sexual partners

Children of infected mothers

Question 16

Hepatitis B can cause ___ infection if the first exposure occurs in childhood.

Answer 16

chronic

Question 17

In which parts of the world is Hepatitis B prevalent?

Answer 17

SE Asia

Africa

Question 18

Which antigen is present in chronic Hepatitis B infection?

How long does an infection need to last to be classed as chronic?

Answer 18

HBsAg

6 months+

Question 19

What is done to prevent an at risk individual from getting Hepatitis B?

Answer 19

Vaccination

Question 20

Does Hepatitis B have a vaccine?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Does Hepatitis C have a vaccine?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Hepatitis C infection usually becomes ___.

Answer 22

chronic

Question 23

What percentage of people infected with Hepatitis C go on to become chronically infected?

Answer 23

75%

Question 24

Which viral hepatitis is most common in Tayside?

Answer 24

Hepatitis C

Question 25

Ideally viral hepatitis patients are ____ before symptoms of chronic liver disease present.

Answer 25

**diagnosed**

Question 26

How many months of infection defines **chronic infection**?

Answer 26

**6+ months**

Question 27

Hepatitis B patients have the potential to be fight off the virus \_\_\_.

Answer 27

**spontaneously**

Question 28

Can chronic Hepatitis C infection be cured spontaneously by the immune system?

Answer 28

**No**

Question 29

How long does it take for cirrhosis to develop after the start of a chronic liver infection?

Answer 29

**\> 20 years**

Question 30

How long after the start of a chronic liver infection may cancer develop?

Answer 30

**\> 30 years**

Question 31

How is **acute viral hepatitis** treated?

Answer 31

**Symptomatically** **No antivirals**

Question 32

Which cardinal symptom of liver failure should Hepatitis patients be monitored for?

Answer 32

**Encephalopathy**

Question 33

People with acute viral hepatitis should firstly be monitored for spontaneous ___ rather than treating them with antivirals.

Answer 33

**resolution**

Question 34

Who needs to be notified about new cases of acute viral hepatitis?

Answer 34

**Public Health**

Question 35

Which virus, associated with unprotected sex, should be tested for in those with acute viral hepatitis?

Answer 35

**HIV**

Question 36

How is chronic viral hepatitis treated?

Answer 36

**Antivirals**

Question 37

The antiviral used to treat chronic hepatitis depends on the ___ of the virus.

Answer 37

**genotype**

Question 38

People with chronic viral hepatitis are protected against other infections how?

Answer 38

**Vaccination**

Question 39

People with chronic viral hepatitis are advised to stop \_\_\_.

Answer 39

**drinking**

Question 40

What is the marker of **hepatocellular carcinoma?**

Answer 40

**AFP** | (alpha fetoprotein)

Question 41

What is a natural human protein used to treat viral hepatitis?

Answer 41

**Interferon alpha** as **pegylated interferon** **injections**

Question 42

What are some side effects of **peginterferon**?

Answer 42

**Flu-like symptoms** **Thyroid disease** **Autoimmune disease** **Psychiatric disease**

Question 43

What is an antiviral used in Hepatitis C patients which can cause **haemolytic anaemia**?

Answer 43

**Ribavirin**