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PNP Certification Exam > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

CN 1: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Olfactory

Smell

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2
Q

CN2: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Optic

Vision

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3
Q

CN3: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Oculomotor

EOMs

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4
Q

CN IV: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Trochlear

Down and inward eye movement

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5
Q

CN V: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Trigeminal

Muscles of mastication; sensation of face/scalp

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6
Q

CN VI: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Abducens

Lateral eye movement

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7
Q

CN VII: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Facial

Movement of face, closing mouth and eyes, taste, saliva and tear secretions

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8
Q

CN VIII: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Acoustic

Hearing and equilibrium

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9
Q

CN IX: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Glossopharyngeal

Phonation, gag reflex, carotid reflex, swallowing, taste

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10
Q

CN X: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Vagus

Talking, swallowing, general sensation from the carotid body, carotid reflex

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11
Q

CN XI: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Spinal Accessory

Movement of trapezius and sternomastoid (shrug shoulders)

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12
Q

CN XII: NAME and FUNCTION

A

Hypoglossal

Movement of the tongue

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13
Q

4 primary mechanisms of headache pain:

A

Vascular dilation
Muscular contraction
Traction
Inflammation

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14
Q

What mnemonic is used to evaluate headaches?

A

OLDCART

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15
Q

What percent of bacterial meningitis occurs in children aged 1 month to 5 years?

A

90%

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16
Q

What two signs are positive in older infants and children when they have bacterial meningitis? Define each sign.

A

Kernig’s sign: flexion of hip @ 90 degrees, pain on extension of leg

Brudzinski’s sign: involuntary flexion of legs when the neck is flexed

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17
Q

What diagnostic test is used to determine if a patient is suffering from meningitis?

A

CSF–cloudy

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18
Q

CSF in meningitic patients will have ______ protein and ______ glucose.

A

Increased protein

Decreased glucose

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19
Q

What is the most common type of brain tumor and what age is most common to getting these?

A

Infratentorial brainstem tumors

ages 4 to 11

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20
Q

An older child with a brain tumor would experience pain that is worse in the _____ and then followed by ______.

A

Morning

Vomiting

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21
Q

What diagnostic test should the primary provider order if there is a concern for a brain tumor?

A

CT

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22
Q

Migraine HA are classified in to what two categories:

A

Classic migraine

Common migrain

23
Q

Classic migraines ____ have an aura while common migraines ____ have an aura.

A

Classic migraines have an aura

Common migraines don’t have an aura

24
Q

What causes migraines?

A

dilation and excessive pulsation of branches of the external carotid artery

25
Q

Classic migraines typically occur ____ 10 years old while common migraines occur _____ 10 years old.

A

after

before

26
Q

Symptoms of migraines include pain that is _______ with an ________ onset. Migraine is worsened by ______ and ________.

A

unilateral
insidious onset
Photophobia and Phonophobia

27
Q

This variant migraine syndrome is more common in younger children. There is a period of confusion and disorientation followed by vomiting and deep sleep, waking feeling well; headache may not be described.

A

Confusional migraine

28
Q

This variant migraine syndrome occurs with episodic abdominal pain with N/V, followed or accompanied with HA

A

Abdominal migraine

29
Q

What is the most important part of managing migraine headaches?

A

Avoiding triggers

30
Q

When over the counter analgesics do not work for the migraine, what drug class of medications should you try next?

A

Triptans (Axert, Maxalt, Imitrex)

31
Q

A transient disturbance of the cerebral function due to an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain.

A

Seizure

32
Q

What happens to the seizure threshold when fever is present?

A

It is lowered

33
Q

This seizure category is made up of simple and complex seizures

A

Partial seizures

34
Q

In simple partial seizures, there IS/IS NOT loss of consciousness

A

IS NOT

35
Q

In complex partial seizures, there is ______ consciousness.

A

impaired

36
Q

Partial seizures affects ___ hemisphere of the brain.

A

One

37
Q

This category of seizures is made up of Absence, Tonic, Tonic-clonic, and atonic seizures

A

Generalized seizures

38
Q

Generalized seizures affects ____ hemispheres of the brain.

A

Both

39
Q

What type of seizure: Brief staring episodes, almost always beginning in childhood?

A

Absence (petit mal) seizure

40
Q

What type of seizure: sudden increase in muscle tone producing number of characteristic postures, consciousness is either partially or completely lost, postictal period present

A

Tonic seizure

41
Q

What type of seizure: sudden loss of consciousness with arrested respirations, increased muscle tone followed by rhythmic jerks, urinary and fecal incontinence, postictal state lasting a long period of time

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

42
Q

What type of seizure: Sudden loss of muscle tone

A

Atonic seizure

43
Q

Seizures occurring during the course of and as a result of fever

A

Febrile seizure

44
Q

What is the peak incidence of age that are affected by febrile seizures?

A

1 and 3 years old

45
Q

A neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by numerous cafe-au-lait spots on the body, and nerve tumors on the skin and in the body.

A

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen Disease)

46
Q

A child must have ___ or more cafe-au-lait spots to have neurofibromatosis. If the patient is prepubertal, the spots will be greater than ___ mm, if post-pubertal children the spots will be greater than ___ mm.

A

6

5 mm
15 mm

47
Q

Neurofibromatosis has what type of genetic transmission?

A

Autosomal dominant

48
Q

Brief, abrupt, non-purposeful movements or utterances

A

Tic Disorder

49
Q

What is the most common tic disorder?

A

Tourette syndrome

50
Q

Onset of tic disorder is between ages __ and __ years old.

A

6 and 12

51
Q

With complex motor tics, obscene gestures is referred to as __________, obscene writing is referred to as ________, obscene speech is referred to as _________.

A

Copropraxia

Coprographia

Coproalia

52
Q

_________ is repeating one’s own words and _________ is repeating another person’s words.

A

Palilalia

Echolalia

53
Q

Management of tic disorders should involve _________.

A

Neurology

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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