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Biochemistry by mgcMD > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Energy- rich molecules larger than other dietary nutrients

A

Macronutrients

Fats, carbs, proteins

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2
Q

Nutrients needed in lesser amounts

A

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals

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3
Q

Average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the reqt of 50% of healthy individuals

A

Estimated Average Requirement

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4
Q

Average daily intake level that is sufficient to meet the rqt of >95%of all individuals in a life stage and gender group

A

Recommended daily allowance

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5
Q

Arbitrarily set in absence of scientific evidence to calculatr EAR or RDA

A

Adequate intake

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6
Q

Highest average nutrient level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population

A

Tolerable upper intake level

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7
Q

Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, height, whose weight and level of physical activity are consistent with good health

A

Estimated energy requirement

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8
Q

EER of sedentary level of activity

A

30 kcal/kg/day

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9
Q

EER of moderate level of activity

A

35

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10
Q

EER of very active level of activity

A

40

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11
Q

Percentof energy used fie resting/basal metabolic rate

A

60

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12
Q

Percent energy used for diet-induced thermigenesis

A

10

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13
Q

Percent energy used for physical activity on average

A

30

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14
Q

Energy content
Fats
Alcohol
Carbs, protein, ketone

A

9
7
4
Respectively

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15
Q

Measures how efficient the body utilizes protein comsumed in the diet

A

Biologic value

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16
Q

High biologic value means high in

A

Essential AA

17
Q

The increase in blood glucose after a test dose of carbohydrate compared with that after an equivalent amount of glucose

A

Glycemic index

18
Q

Glycemic index of glucose and galactose

A

1

19
Q

Food intake less than energy expenditure

A

Undernutrition

20
Q

Kwashiorkor/Marasmus

Protein deprivation> reduction in total calories

A

Kwashiorkor

21
Q

Kwashiorkor/Marasmus

Calorie deprivation> protein reduction

A

Marasmus

22
Q

Kwashiorkor/Marasmus

Onset >1 yr old after weaning from breastmilk

A

Kwashiorkor

23
Q

Kwashiorkor/Marasmus

Onset <1 yr, when breastmilk is supplemented with low calorie cereals

A

Marasmus

24
Q 
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Edema
Enlarged fatty liver
Skin lesions and depigmentations
Very low plasma protein
A

Kwashiorkor

25
Q

Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Extreme muscle wasting
Weakness
Anemia

A

Marasmus

26
Q

Kwashiorkor/Marasmus

Stunted growth

A

Both

27
Q

To lose 1 pound per week, you need to burn and or reduce caloric intake by about ____kcal/day

A

500

28
Q

Normal asian BMI

A

18.5-22.9

29
Q

Overweight BMI asian

A

23-24.9

30
Q

Major sources of energy in 100 m sprint

2

A 
Creatine phosphate (first 4-5 sec)
Then anaerobic glycolysis
31
Q

Major source of energy during marathon

A

Aerobic glycolysis (using blood glucose and FFA derived fromt breakdown of TAG from adipose)

32
Q 
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Type II (glycolytic fibers) are predominantly used
A

Spinter

33
Q 
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Tyle 1 (oxidative) fibers predominantly used
A

Marathon

34
Q

Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner

Creatine phosphate is the major energy source during the first 4-5 sec

A

Sprinter

35
Q

Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner

Oxidative phosphorylation is the major energy source throughout

A

Marathon

36
Q

Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner

Glucose derived from muscle glycogen and metabolized by anaerobic glycolysis is the major fuel source

A

Sprinter

37
Q

Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner

Blood glucose and FFA are the major fuel sources

A

Marathon

38
Q

Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner

Muscle glycogen is rapidly depleted

A

Sprinter

39
Q

Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner

Muscle glycogen is slowly depleted

A

Marathon

Biochemistry by mgcMD (19 decks)

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