CNS

Question 1

What is homonymous hemianopia?

Answer 1

Hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes
Posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Lesions from the optic tract to visual cortex

Question 2

What is bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 2

Partial blindness where vision is missing in the outer half of both the right and left visual field
Lesions of the optic chiasm (tumours mid-optic chiasm)

Question 3

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 3

Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere until the peri-occipital sulcus

Question 4

Where does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 4

2/3 of the lateral surface of the brain

Central branches supply the corpus striatum, thalamus and internal capsule

Question 5

Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 5

Corpus callosum
Cortex of occipital and temporal lobes
Central branches supply the optic radiation, subthalamic nucleus and thalamus

Question 6

Which arteries are the brainstem and cerebellum supplied by?

Answer 6

Vertebral and basilar

Question 7

CN I functions

Answer 7

Olfactory

Special sensory: smell from nasal mucosa

Question 8

CN II functions

Answer 8

Optic

Special sensory: vision from retina

Question 9

CN III functions

Answer 9

Oculomotor
Somatic motor: medial, superior, inferior rectus muscles, inferior oblique
Visceral motor: pupil constriction

Question 10

CN IV functions

Answer 10

Trochlear

Somatic motor: superior oblique extra-ocular muscle

Question 11

CN V functions

Answer 11

Trigeminal
Opthalmic V1: sensory superior 1/3 of face + cornea
Maxillary V2: sensory median 1/3 of face
Mandibular V3: sensory mandible + lower lip, motor=masseter & pterygoids/muscles of mastication

Question 12

CN VI functions

Answer 12

Abducent

Somatic motor: lateral rectus extra-ocular

Question 13

CN VII functions

Answer 13

Facial
Somatic motor: muscles of facial expression
Visceral motor: submandibular/sublingual glands, lacrimal glands
Special sensory: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
General sensory: skin of external acoustic meatus

Question 14

CN VIII functions

Answer 14

Vestibulocochlear

Special sensory: hearing (vestibular) and balance (cochlear)

Question 15

CN IX functions

Answer 15

Glossopharyngeal
Somatic motor: stylopharyngeus
Visceral motor: parotid gland
Special sensory: posterior 1/3 of tongue
General sensory: external ear and pharynx sensation
Visceral sensory: visceral feedback from carotid body

Question 16

CN X functions

Answer 16

Vagus
Somatic motor: palatal/laryngeal/pharyngeal muscles of swallowing
Visceral motor: parasympathetic innervation to smooth muscles of the trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, heart
Visceral sensory: sensation from trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, heart
Special sensory: taste from epiglottis/palate
General sensory: sensation from auricle and external acoustic meatus

Question 17

CN XI functions

Answer 17

Accessory

Motor: sternocleidomastoid & trapezius

Question 18

CN XII functions

Answer 18

Hypoglossal

Intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Question 19

CN nuclei

Answer 19

CN I: olfactory epithelium
CN II: retinal ganglion cells 
CN III & IV: midbrain 
CN V, VI, VII: pons 
CN VIII: vestibular/spinal ganglion 
CN IX, X, XII: medulla 
CN XI: spinal cord