Meteorological effects

Question 1

Effects of ice formation on aircraft

Answer 1

Arrow dynamic effects
Increase aircraft weight
Affect on instruments
Affect on control surfaces
Affect on engines

Question 2

Factors affecting ice severity

Answer 2

Air temperature
Cloud characteristics
Aircraft characteristics
Kinetic heating
Orographic affects

Question 3

Types of ice formations

Answer 3

Hoar frost
Rime ice
Clear ice
Rain ice
Pack snow

Question 4

Characteristics of Hoar Frost

Answer 4

Airframe icing occurs in clear air

Surface temperature must be below 0°C

Occurs in flight when travelling from 0°C to a warmer region

Disappears as the aircraft warms

Question 5

Effects of hoarfrost

Answer 5

Lots of radio efficiency
Frost on windscreen
May increase stalling speed

Question 6

Rime ice

Answer 6

Super cool water drops freezer in contact with the surface below 0°C

Occurs when an aircraft passes through a cloud of super cooled Water drops

Droplets are small and freeze on impact

Ice is formed in great numbers discreetly between air particles

White opaque appearance

Question 7

Effects of rime ice

Answer 7

Alteration of wing aerodynamics

Blocking of the carburettor airing take and certain instruments

Question 8

Characteristics of clear ice

Answer 8

Most dangerous

Is translucent with a glossy surface

Occurs when freezing process slow

Super cooled water drops flow over aircraft surface and linked together before freezing

Ice spreads backwards before freezing

Question 9

Effects of clear ice

Answer 9

Alteration of aircraft aerodynamics
Increased weight
Vibration and an equal loading of wings

Question 10

Characteristics of rain ice

Answer 10

Occurs similarly to clear ice but with super cold rain rather than cloud droplets

Droplets are larger than cloud particles and form over an extensive area

Question 11

Pack snow characteristics

Answer 11

Will not adhere to dry aircraft

May occur when flying in snow due to super cold water freezing on impact