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D1 (Condensed) > The Vine > Flashcards

The Vine Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that influence varietal selection

A

Color

Flavor

Budding time

Ripening time

Disease resistance

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2
Q

Clonal selection

A

Vines with positive mutations are selected for further propogation

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3
Q

Difficulties creating new varieties

A

No guarantee cross-pollination will work

Most die within 1 year

Need to wait 2-3 years to confirm positive results

No way of knowing new variety’s characteristics

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4
Q

Crossing

A

New variety made from two parents of the same species

All current grape varieties in use are technically crossings

Term is however normally reserved for new researcher-bred varieties (Muller Thurgau and Pinotage)

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5
Q

Hybrid

A

Vine with parents from two different species

Many have at least one American vine as a parent

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6
Q

Vidal

A

Hybrid American variety used in Canada

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7
Q

American vines phylloxera defense

A

Clogs its mouth of sticky sap

Sap makes protective layer on feeding wounds to prevent infection

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8
Q

Bench grafting

A

Automated process in nurseries

Key shaped hole in rootstock connects with key shape in vine

Joined by a machine and kept warm to encourage fusing

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9
Q

Head grafting

A

Used in the vineyard by grape growers with established plants that want to switch varieties

Existing vine cut to trunk

Bud or cutting of new variety is attached

Can produced new variety fruit next vintage instead of three years later

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10
Q

Infloresences

A

Bunches of flowers

An infloresence becomes bunch of grapes (1 flower per grape)

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11
Q

Tendril

A

Supporting structure to keep vine upright

Vines can’t support themselves

Wraps tightly around solid surfaces once sensed

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12
Q

One-year-old wood

A

Shoot that turned woody in the winter after growth

Buds on this become new shoots

Pruned once a year to either a can or a spur

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13
Q

Cane

A

Long one-year-old wood with 8 to 20 buds

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14
Q

Spur

A

Short one-year-old wood with 2 to 3 buds

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15
Q

Permanent wood

A

Wood that is more than one year old

Amount is restricted through pruning

Made up of trunk and arms of the vine

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16
Q

Principal functions of vine trunk

A

Raise vine off the ground

Provide support for the fruiting wood

Two-way conduit for nutrients and moisture to plant from soil and carbohydrates to roots

17
Q

Axil

A

Angle between leaf stalk and cane

18
Q

Gibberllins

A

Growth hormones that contribute to process of turning plant material into berries

Impact stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development, and leaf and fruit senescence

19
Q

Internode

A

Length between two leaf positions

Determines number of buds. Shorter distance = more buds.

Relationship only occurs on cane-pruned vines

20
Q

Temperature at which vine roots grow

A

10 C and above

21
Q

Anther

A

Male part of the vine

22
Q

Ovary

A

Female part of the vine

23
Q

Crossbreeding process

A

Anthers from one grape are removed with tweezers (emasculation), then dusted on ovaries of the other grape

Bag placed over flower to protect from infection

Bag removed once flower has been fertilized

24
Q

Rooted cuttings

A

25-30 cm of a vine

Placed in cutting bed and allowed to grow

25
Q

Benefits of rooted cuttings

A

Easy. Can be done in a farmer’s own vineyard

Cheap

26
Q

Weaknesses of rooted cuttings

A

Phylloxera

Disease transfer is highly likely

27
Q

Callus

A

Cells that form around graft tissue, sealing scion and rootstock together

28
Q

Problems that lead to failed grafts

A

Poor size-matching between scion and rootstock

Weak callus development

Disease

29
Q

Field grafting

A

AKA chip budding

Grafting single bud directly onto already planted rootstock

Only works in very warm climates (where likelihood of success with new plantings is lowest)

30
Q

Provignage

A

Layering

Used to replace single dead vines

Shoot from neighbor vine stuck in ground and up again

Eventually develops roots

31
Q

Benefits of provignage

A

Can extend vineyard life indefinitely

New plantings can gain positive attributes from parents

32
Q

Weaknesses of provignage

A

New vines are on own roots = risk of phylloxera

New plantings can inherit negative attributes and diseases from parents

33
Q

Repiquage

A

Planting new vines among existing older vines

D1 (Condensed) (8 decks)

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