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CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions > Ch. 10 - Italy > Flashcards

Ch. 10 - Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Which mountain range run the length of Italian Peninsula?

A
  • Apennines mountain.
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2
Q

Name the most planted red grapes of Italy.

A
  • Sangiovese
  • Montepulciano
  • Merlot
  • Barbera
  • Barbera
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3
Q

Name the most planted white grapes of Italy.

A
  • Trebbiano
  • Catarratto
  • Chardonnay
  • Glera
  • Pinot Grigio
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4
Q

Name the quality designations of the Italian Wine Law.

A
  • Vino (basic table wine)
  • Indicazione geografica tipica (IGT)
  • Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)
  • Denorninazione di origine controllata e garantita
    (DOCG)
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5
Q

When was Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) introduced?

A
  • 1992

- IGT represents the category of table wine with geographical indication (PGI).

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6
Q

Name the categories within the PDO wines in Italy.

A
  • Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)
  • Denorninazione di origine controllata e garantita
    (DOCG)
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7
Q

When was the DOCG category created? Who were the first?

A
  • First created in 1963

- First awarded in 1980 to Brunello di Montalcino, Barolo, and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.

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8
Q

How many DOC & DOCG’s does Italy have?

A
  • 74 DOCGs

- 335 DOCs

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9
Q

What does the term “Classico” mean?

A

This term indicates a central or historic subzone within a larger geographic region. Such a territory is often the original center of wine production in the area and is often considered to be superior to the surrounding areas.

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10
Q

What does the term “Superiore” mean?

A
  • This term indicates a wine that has a specific higher level of alcohol by volume than required of the corresponding normale wine.
  • These wines are usually produced using a lower
    yield of grapes per acre or riper grapes.
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11
Q

What does the term “Riserva” mean?

A

This term is applied to wines that have been aged for a longer minimum period of time than regular wines. The total aging time varies according to the type and style of wine.

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12
Q

Which river flows through Veneto?

A
  • River Po. (southern border)
  • River Adige
  • River Piave
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13
Q

Which lake is present in Veneto?

A
  • Lake Garda (western)
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14
Q

What is the climate of Veneto?

A

North - Cool climate due to the proximity to the Alps.

South - Hot and humid

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15
Q

What are the major grapes of Veneto?

A 
Red - Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.
White - Garganega, Glera, Pinot Grigio (Pinot Gris),
Pinot Bianco (Pinot Blanc), and Chardonnay.
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16
Q

What is the “appassimento” method?

A

Ripe bunches of grapes are handpicked at harvest time, but instead of going to the press, they are set out to dry.

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17
Q

What is a “recioto”?

A

An appassimento sweet wine made from dried grapes which goes through a long, cool fermentation which is arrested by chilling the wine after the alcohol level reaches approximately 12%, which still leaves considerable residual sugar.

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18
Q

What are the variations to a Recioto?

A
  • Sparkling Recioto.
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19
Q

What is “ripasso”?

A
  • A traditional production technique which reuses
    the sediment, or lees, of Amarone or recioto.
  • Young wine is combined with the lees and goes through a short second fermentation, becoming a ripasso wine with more flavor, tannin, and alcohol.
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20
Q

What is the minimum ageing for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG?

A
  • 20 months of barrel aging

- minimum of 14% alcohol.

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21
Q

What is the minimum alc. % for Valpolicella normale & superiore?

A

Normale - 11%

Superiore - 12% (1 year ageing additional).

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22
Q

Name the appellations on the west of Lake Garda.

A
  • Bardolino DOC and Bardolino Superiore DOCG.
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23
Q

What is the rose style produced in Bardolino called?

A
  • Chiaretto
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24
Q

Which styles of wine are produced in Soave?

A
  • Still white - Soave DOC & Soave Superiore

- Passimento - Recioto di Soave DOCG

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25
Q

What are the grapes for Soave?

A

Min. 70% Garganega may be blended with Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio), Chardonnay, or both.

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26
Q

What are the grapes for Prosecco DOC?

A

Min. of 85% Glera + Verdiso, Perera, Bianchetta, Giera Lunga, Pinot Nero (vinified as a white wine), Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, or Chardonnay.

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27
Q

Name the DOCGs for prosecco production.

A
  • Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

- Asolo Prosecco (Colli Asolani) DOCG.

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28
Q

What is the grape for Lugana DOC?

A
  • Trebbiano di Lugana (related to Verdicchio).
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29
Q

Where is Paiva Malanotte DOCG located?

A
  • Paiva Malanotte DOCG occupies the same location
    as the Piave DOC.
  • Red only DOCG using Raboso.
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30
Q

Where is Lison DOCG located?

A
  • Lison DOCG occupies the same location as the Lison-Pramaggiore DOC.
  • White only DOCG using Friulano
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31
Q

Which regions does the Delle Venezie DOC cover?

A
  • 2017

- Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Trentino.

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32
Q

Which water bodies are present around Italy?

A

East - Adriatic Sea
South East - Ionian Sea
West - Tyrrhenian Sea
South West - Mediterranean Sea

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33
Q

What are the main grapes for Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

White - Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco, Mtiller-Thurgau, and Traminer (Gewtirztraminer).
Red - Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Lagrein,
Merlot, Marzemino, Schiava, and Teroldego

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34
Q

What are the main grapes for Fruili-Venezia Giulia?

A

White - Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo, Friulano and Picolit.
Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir) and Refosco.

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35
Q

Name the main DOCs of Fruili.

A
  • Friuli Colli Orientali DOC

- Collio Goriziano DOC

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36
Q

Which DOCG is famous within Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

A
  • Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG - sweet white wines made from the Picolit grape.
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37
Q

What style of wine is Collio famous for?

A

Collio is famous for skin-fermented “orange” wines from the indigenous Ribolla Gialla grape, which are often made in an oxidized style.

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38
Q

What are the grapes for Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Sweet white wines from the Verduzzo variety.

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39
Q

What are the grapes for Rosazzo DOCG?

A

Minimum of 50% Friulano; other allowed grapes include Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco,
and Ribolla Gialla.

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40
Q

Name the main grapes for Piedmont.

A

White - Moscato, Arneis, and Cortese.

Red - Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto, Freisa, Grignolino, and Brachetto.

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41
Q

Which areas does the Langhe DOC cover?

A

Langhe DOC covers the vineyards of Barolo, Barbaresco, and Roero, as well as the areas surrounding the towns of Alba and Ovada.

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42
Q

What is the ageing for Barolo?

A

Normale - 38 months

Riserva - 62 months

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43
Q

What is the ageing for Barbaresco?

A

Normale - 26 months

Riserva - 50 months

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44
Q

What is the grape for Asti?

A
  • 100% Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains).
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45
Q

What is the lees ageing for bottle fermented, Metodo Classico version of Asti?

A
  • Min. 9 months of lees ageing.
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46
Q

What are the grapes for Nizza DOCG?

A
  • 100% Barbera.
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47
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Nizza DOCG?

A

Normale - 18 months

Riserva - 30 months

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48
Q

Name the DOCG’s of Piedmont.

A
  • Barbera d’Asti DOCG
  • Nizza DOCG
  • Roero DOCG
  • Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs
  • Gavi DOCG
  • Brachetto d’ Acqui DOCG
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49
Q

What are the grapes for Roero DOCG?

A

Red - Nebbiolo

White - Arneis

50
Q

What is the name for Nebbiolo in Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs?

A
  • Spanna.
51
Q

Name the DOC’s neighbouring Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs.

A
  • Carema DOC
  • Lessona DOC
  • Boca DOC
  • Sizzano DOC
  • Fara DOC
52
Q

What is the grape for Gavi DOCG?

A
  • Cortese.
53
Q

What is Barolo Chinato?

A

Barolo Chinato is vermouth, an aromatized and fortified wine flavored with herbs, spices, aromatic woods, and other natural ingredients.

54
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Franciacorta?

A

NV - 18 months on the lees.
Vintage - 30 months on the lees.
Riserva - 60 months on the lees.
Saten - 24 months on the lees.

55
Q

What is Saten Franciacorta?

A

A brut, blanc de blancs with only 5 atmospheres of pressure.

56
Q

What is the name for nebbiolo in Valtellina?

A
  • Chiavennasca.
57
Q

What are the grapes for Valtellina Rosso DOC and Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A
  • Min. 90% Chiavennasca.
58
Q

What is the wine style produced in Sforzato

di Valtellina DOCG?

A

A dry, high-alcohol wine made with a minimum of 90% Chiavennasca grapes that are partially dried before fermentation.

59
Q

Name the sub-zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG.

A
  • Grumello
  • Inferno
  • Maroggia
  • Sassella
  • Valgella
60
Q

Name the main cities of Tuscany.

A

Florence, Pisa, and Siena.

61
Q

What is the climate of Tuscany like?

A

The climate is typically Mediterranean, with greater extremes of temperature in the inland valleys, where the summers can get quite hot.

62
Q

Name the major red grapes of Tuscany.

A
  • Sangiovese (seven key clones)
  • Canaiolo Nero
  • Colorino
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Syrah
63
Q

Name the major white grapes of Tuscany.

A
  • Trebbiano
  • Malvasia
  • Vernaccia
  • Chardonnay
  • Sauvignon Blanc
64
Q

What is the “governo process”?

A

A traditional winemaking technique which involves the use of grapes that have become overripe on the vine or dried after harvest that are added to a batch of fermenting wine just as it is finishing fermentation.

65
Q

What effect does the “governo process” have on the resulting wine?

A

The governo process extends the fermentation and often initiates malolactic fermentation, resulting in a richer, rounder wine with softer acids and less volatility

66
Q

If governo process is carried out how is it indicated on the label?

A

The governo process is indicated on the wine’s label via the term Governo all’uso Toscano.

67
Q

Name the only white wine DOCG of Tuscany.

A
  • Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG.

- Produced in and around the hilltop town of San Gimignano.

68
Q

What is vin santo?

A

A dessert wine made by using dried grapes which are then crushed and put into small barrels that contain a bit of the vin santo lees from a previous vintage, which initiates a new fermentation.

69
Q

What is the minimum aging for vin santo?

A
  • Min. 3 years.
70
Q

What are the main grapes for vin santo?

A

White - Trebbiano and Malvasia

Red - Sangiovese

71
Q

What is the classical accompaniment for Vin Santo?

A

Vin Santo is traditionally served with cookies known as cantucci.

72
Q

In which year was the Chianti appellation demarcated?

A
  • 1716
73
Q

What is the blend for Chianti DOCG?

A
  • Min. 70 - 100% Sangiovese + Canaiolo Nero + White (Trebbiano and Malvasia).
74
Q

What are the sub-zones of Chianti DOCG?

A
  • Colli Aretini
  • Colli Fiorentini
  • Colli Senesi
  • Colline Pisane
  • Montalbano
  • Montespertoli
  • Rufina
75
Q

What is the blend for Chianti Colli Senesi?

A
  • Min 75% Sangiovese compared to Min. 70% Sagiovese for the rest of the sub-zones.
76
Q

What is the blend for Chianti Classico DOCG?

A
  • Min. 80 - 100% Sangiovese
  • Estd. in 1996
  • No white grapes since 2006
77
Q

What is the min alcohol and ageing for Chianti Classico DOCG?

A
  • Min alcohol - 12% + 0.5% for Riserva
  • Aging - Normale - 1 year ageing
    Riserva - 2 years ageing
78
Q

When was the Chianti Classico Gran Selezione category added?

A
  • 2014.
79
Q

What are the requirements for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A
  • Estate grown grapes

- 30 months min. ageing

80
Q

What are the grapes for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A
  • 100% Brunello (Sangiovese)
81
Q

Whatare the ageing requirements for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

Normale - 5 years of ageing (2 years oak + 4 months btl)

Riserva - 6 years of ageing (2 years oak + 6 months btl)

82
Q

Which DOC covers the Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A
  • Rosso di Montalcino DOC.
83
Q

What is the blend for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

Min. 70% Prugnolo Gentile (Sangiovese).

84
Q

Which DOC covers the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A
  • Rosso di Montepulciano DOC.
85
Q

What is the blend for Carmignano DOCG?

A

Min. 50% Sangiovese + 10% to 20% Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.

86
Q

What is the blend for Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Min. 85% Morellino (Sangiovese).

87
Q

Name the DOCs of the Maremma region.

A
  • Bolgheri DOC (for red and white blends)

- Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC - 2013 - Min. 80% Cabernet Sauvignon.

88
Q

In which years did Vernaccia di San Gimignano earn its DOC & DOCG?

A

DOC - 1966

DOCG - 1993

89
Q

Name the DOCs specifically for vin santo in Tuscany.

A
  • Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
  • Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC
  • Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
  • Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC
90
Q

Which was the first region to achieve a DOCG for its white wines?

A
  • Romagna Albana DOCG.
91
Q

Name the DOCs for Lambrusco production.

A
  • Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC
  • Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC
  • Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC
  • Reggiano DOC
  • Modena DOC
92
Q

In which region is Lambrusco produced outside Emilia-Romagna?

A

Lambrusco Mantovano DOC - Lombardy.

93
Q

Which food products are famous from Emilia-Romagna?

A
  • Parmigiano Reggiano cheese
  • Prosciutto di Parma ham
  • Balsamic vinegar from Modena.
94
Q

Name the main grapes for Marches.

A

White - Verdicchio, Pecorino and Passerina.

Red - Montepulciano and Sangiovese.

95
Q

Name the main DOCGs for Verdicchio in Marches.

A
  • Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG

- Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG

96
Q

What is the blend for Conero DOCG and Rosso Conero DOC?

A

Min. 85% Montepulciano, with a permitted addition of

15% Sangiovese.

97
Q

What is the blend for Rosso Piceno DOC?

A

35% to 85% Montepulciano and 15% to 50%

Sangiovese.

98
Q

What is the blend for Montepulciano & Trebbiano d’ Abruzzo
DOC?

A
  • Min. 85% Montepulciano + Sangiovese.

- Trebbiano

99
Q

Name the DOCG of Abruzzo.

A
  • Colline Teramane Montepulciano d’ Abruzzo DOCG
100
Q

Name the rose production DOC in Abruzzo.

A
  • Cerasuolo d’ Abruzzo DOC
101
Q

Name a popular DOC of Umbria.

A
  • Orvieto DOC - Grechetto and Trebbiano.
102
Q

Which styles of wine does Orvieto DOC make?

A
  • Dry (secco)
  • Semidry (abbocatto)
  • Semi-sweet (amabile)
  • Sweet (dolce)
103
Q

Name the DOCGs of Umbria.

A
  • Montefalco Sagrantino - 100% Sagrantino

- Torgiano Rosso Riserva - Min. 70% Sangiovese.

104
Q

Name the main regions of Lazio.

A
  • Frascati DOC
  • Cannellino di Frascati DOCG
  • Frascati Superiore DOCG
  • Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone DOC
    All blends based on Trebbiano and Malvasia.
105
Q

Name the main region for Aglianico in Campania.

A
  • Taurasi DOCG
106
Q

What is soil profile of Campania?

A
  • Volcanic soil
107
Q

Name the white wine DOCGs of Campania.

A
  • Fiano di Avellino DOCG

- Greco di Tufo DOCG

108
Q

What is the speciality of Vesuvio DOC?

A

Traditional Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio

- Produced in red, white, rosato, spumante (sparkling), and liquoroso (fortified) versions.

109
Q

What are the grapes for Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio?

A

White - Coda di Volpe, Verdeca, Falanghina & Greco

Red - Pedirosso, Sciascinoso & Aglianico.

110
Q

Name the main regions of Calabria.

A
  • Ciro DOC - Red - Gaglioppo
    White - Greco Bianco
  • Greco di Bianco DOC - Greco Bianco
111
Q

Name the main regions of Puglia.

A
  • Salice Salentino DOC - Negroamaro
  • Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG
  • Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG
  • Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG
  • Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG.
112
Q

Name the main grapes of Puglia.

A

Negroamaro, Montepulciano, Sangiovese, Barbera, Aleatico, and Primitivo.

113
Q

What style of wine is produced in Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG?

A

A sweet, late-harvest wine became the region’s first DOCG in 2011.

114
Q

Name the DOCG of Sicily.

A
  • Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG.
115
Q

What is the blend for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG?

A
  • Nero d’Avola + Frappato.
116
Q

Name the main white grapes for Sicily.

A

Carricante, Grecanico.

117
Q

What are the main grapes for Marsala DOC.

A

Catarratto, Grillo, and Inzolia

118
Q

What are the styles of Marsala based on color?

A
  • Oro (golden)
  • Ambra (amber)
  • Rubino (ruby/red).
119
Q

What are the styles of Marsala based on sweetness?

A
  • Secco (dry, maximum 4% residual sugar)
  • Semisecco (semidry, 4% to 10% residual sugar)
  • Dolce (sweet, more than 10% residual sugar).
120
Q

What are the styles of Marsala based on ageing?

A
  • Marsala Fine (one year)
  • Marsala Superiore (two years)
  • Marsala Superiore Riserva (four years)
  • Marsala Vergine Stravecchio Riserva (ten years)
121
Q

Which styles of Marsala are aged in Solera?

A
  • Marsala Vergine
  • Marsala Solera
    Min. 5 years ageing in solera
122
Q

What are the main wine regions of Sardegna?

A
  • Cannonau di Sardegna DOC - 85% Cannonau (90% for Riserva)

- Vermentino di Gallura DOCG - 95% Vermentino.

CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions (13 decks)

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