Unit 2 - The Cell, the Basic Unit of Life

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the cell wall?

Answer 1

1. Primary cell wall
2. Middle lamella
3. Secondary cell wall

Question 2

Which cell wall consists of cellulose?

Answer 2

Primary Cell Wall

Question 3

What does the Middle lamella consist of?

Answer 3

Consists of pectin and joins adjacent cell walls.

Question 4

What is the function of the secondary cell wall and what does it consist of?

Answer 4

It consists of thick cellulose fibres with ligin

Its function is to protect the living contents of the cell and give support and rigidity to the cell.

Question 5

What is the cell membrane made out of?

Answer 5

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

Fill in the blanks:

Cell membranes structure is also known as 1._______.
Cell membrane consists of double-layer of 2.______
molecules with large 3.______ molecules embedded in the layers. Each Phospholipid consists of a 4_______ head and 5._______ tail.

Answer 6

1. Fluid Mosaic Model
2. Phospholipid molecules
3. Protein
4. Hydrophobic Phosphate
5. Hydrophobic fatty

Question 7

What is Diffusion?

Answer 7

Movement of molecules (in liquid or Gas form) from a high concentration are to a lower concentration area until equilibrium reached

Question 8

What is Osmosis?

Answer 8

Movement of H2O molecules from an area of high water potential to a low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

Question 9

What do you call a fluid that keeps holds the organelles together?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm.

Question 10

What is Cyclosis?

Answer 10

The movement of substances around the cytoplasm.

Question 11

True or False? SER is connected to the Nucleus?

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Which organelle is filled with Nucleoplasm?

Answer 12

The Nucleus

Question 13

What does the Nucleolus consists of?

Answer 13

RNA and Proteins

Question 14

What is an ER

Answer 14

Endoplasmic reticulum, fine membranous network forming a continuous system of canals throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 15

Rough ER has ____ on it.

Answer 15

Ribosomes.

Question 16

True or False.

The ER increases the internal surface area of the cell.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What does ATP stand for

Answer 17

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 18

What is Mitochondria?

Answer 18

Shortly, it is the power source of the cell. Responsible for Cellular respiration.

Question 19

What do you call a folded membrane in the Mitochondria?

Answer 19

Cristae

Question 20

What does the Mitochondria Matrix contain?

Answer 20

Ribosomes, enzymes and DNA

Question 21

What is a Ribosome?

Answer 21

An organelle that is spherical and small. Where the protein synthesis takes place.

Question 22

Where does the Ribosomes occur at?

Answer 22

ER, mitochondria, chloroplast and cytoplasm

Question 23

“It contains centrioles, which play a role in the formation of spindle fibres”

Which organelle is this?

Answer 23

Centrosomes

Question 24

Which organelle plays a role in producing secretions eg: Mucus and saliva

Answer 24

Golgi body

Question 25

What are vesicles

Answer 25

Small vacuoles which transport substance from Golgi body to other parts,

Question 26

Fluid filled compartment in the cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane called the ______-

Answer 26

Tonoplast - where the indicated fluid filled compartment is the vacuole

Question 27

True or False?

In Plants, vacuoles are big

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Name the 3 types of Plastids

Answer 28

• Chloroplast
• Chromoplasts
• Leucoplasts

Question 29

Which organelle is responsible for Photosynthesis?

Answer 29

Chloroplasts

Question 30

Which organelle contains Carotenoids

Answer 30

Chromoplasts

Question 31

What are leucoplasts?

Answer 31

An organelle which colourless and mainly stores food in an insoluble way

Question 32

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 32

Plant cells:
  • Cell wall present
  • Plastids present
  • Large vacuole present
  • No lysosomes or centrosomes
  • Fixed shape
Animal cells:
  • No cell wall
  • No plastids
  • Small or no vacuoles present
  • Lysosomes and centrosomes present
  • Irregular shape