Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Flashcards
organic chemistry
study of compounds containing carbon
valence
of covalent bonds an atom can form
hydrocarbons
molecules of only hydrogen and carbon
hydrophilic
affinity to water
isomer
compounds that have the same # of atoms of the same elements, but different structures (hence different properties)
structural isomer
same molecular formula, differ in the covalent arrangements (different shape)
cis, trans isomer
differ in arrangement around a double bond
enantiomers
mirror isomer, differ bc of an asymmetrical carbon
functional group
chemical groups directly involved in chemical reactions
_____ is key to an atom’s characteristics. It determines the _____ & ______ of bonds an atom will form with other atoms
- Electron configuration
- kinds & number
What are the 4 most important things about the formation of bonds with Carbon?
- 4 bonds
- organic
- covalently compatible
What are the most frequent atoms that form bonds with Carbon?
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What are the 4 carbon chain skeletons commonly found in most organic molecules?
Linear, branching, rings, and double bonded????
What is the importance of recognizing enantiomers in the pharmaceutical industry?
- the enantiomers may be ineffective
- usually only 1 (either S or R) is biologically active
- only 1 can bind to correct molecule
- subtle variations in molecular structure alter the emergent properties
- albuterol R form is active, S form counteracts it
Discuss the 3 types of isomers discussed in class
structural: different spatial arrangement
cis: different spatial arrangement on a double bond
(atoms are on the same side as the other)
trans: different spatial arrangement on a double bond
(atoms are across from eachother)
enantiomers: mirror eachother because of asymmetrical carbons
